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You're probably looking at this page because you want to port your application from Qt 1.x to Qt 2.x, but to be sure, let's review the good reasons to do this:
The Qt 2.x series is not binary compatible with the 1.x series. This means programs compiled for Qt 1.x must be recompiled to work with Qt 2.x. Qt 2.x is also not completely source compatible with 1.x, however all points of incompatibility cause compiler errors (rather than mysterious results), or produce run-time messages. The result is that Qt 2.x includes many additional features, discards obsolete functionality that is easily converted to use the new features, and that porting an application from Qt 1.x to Qt 2.x is a simple task well worth the amount of effort required.
To port code using Qt 1.x to use Qt 2.x:
Many very major projects, such as KDE have been port, so there is plenty of expertise in the collective conscious that is the Qt Developer Community!
Qt 2.x is namespace-clean, unlike 1.x. Qt now uses very few
global identifiers. Identifiers like red, blue, LeftButton,
AlignRight, Key_Up, Key_Down, NoBrush
etc. are now part of a
special class Qt
(defined in qnamespace.h),
which is inherited by
most Qt classes. Member functions of classes that inherit from QWidget,
etc. are totally unaffected, but code that is
not in functions of classes inherited from Qt
,
you must qualify these identifiers like this: Qt::red,
Qt::LeftButton, Qt::AlignRight
, etc.
The qt/bin/qt20fix
script helps to fix the code that
needs adaption, though most code does not need changing.
Compiling with -DQT1COMPATIBILITY will help you get going with Qt 2.x - it allows all the old "dirty namespace" identifiers from Qt 1.x to continue working. Without it, you'll get compile errors that can easily be fixed by searching this page for the clean identifiers.
In Qt 1.x, all widget constructors were defined with a default value of 0 for the parent widget. However, only the main window of the application should be created with a 0 parent, all other widgets should have parents. Having the 0 default made it too simple to create bugs by forgetting to specify the parent of non-mainwindow widgets. Such widgets would typically never be deleted (causing memory leaks), and they would become top-level widgets, confusing the window managers. Therefore, in Qt 2.x the 0 default parent has been removed for the widget classes that are not likely to be used as main windows.
Note also that programs no longer need (or should) use 0 parent just to indicate that a widget should be top-level. See
QWidget::isTopLevel()for details. See also the notes about QPopupMenu and QDialog below.
Some virtual functions have changed signature in Qt 2.x. If you override them in derived classes, you must change the signature of your functions accordingly.
QWidget::setStyle(GUIStyle)
QListView::addColumn(const char *, int)
QListView::setColumnText(int, const char *)
QListViewItem::setText(int, const char *)
QMultiLineEdit::insertLine(const char *, int)
QMultiLineEdit::insertAt(const char *, int, int, bool)
QSpinBox::setPrefix(const char *)
QSpinBox::setSuffix(const char *)
QToolButton::setTextLabel(const char *, bool)
QDoubleValidator::validate(QString &, int &)
QIntValidator::validate(QString &, int &)
QValidator::fixup(QString &)
QSlider::paintSlider(QPainter *, const QRect &)
This is one class of changes that are not detected by the compiler, so you should mechanically search for each of these function names in your header files, eg.
egrep -w 'setStyle|addColumn|setColumnText|setText...' *.h
Of course, you'll get a few false positives (eg. if you have a setText function that is not in a subclass of QListViewItem).
The collection classes include generic classes such as QGDict, QGList, and the subclasses such as QDict and QList.
The macro-based Qt collection classes are obsolete; use the
template-based classes instead. Simply remove includes of qgeneric.h and
replace e.g. Q_DECLARE(QCache,QPixmap) with QCache The GCI global typedef is replaced by QCollection::Item. Only if you
make your own subclasses of the undocumented generic collection classes
will you have GCI in your code.
This change has been made to avoid collisions with other namespaces.
The GCF global typedef is removed (it was not used in Qt).
The Q_ASSERT macro is now a null expression if the QT_CHECK_STATE flag
is not set (i.e. if the QT_NO_CHECK flag is defined).
The debug() function now outputs nothing if Qt was compiled with
the QT_NO_DEBUG macro defined.
QString has undergone major changes internally, and although it is highly
backward compatible, it is worth studying in detail when porting to Qt 2.x.
The Qt 1.x QString class has been renamed to QCString in Qt 2.x, though if
you use that you will incur a performance penalty since all Qt functions
that took const char* now take const QString&.
To take full advantage of the new Internationalization
functionality in Qt 2.x, the following steps are required:
If you find that you are mixing usage of QCString, QString,
and QByteArray, this causes lots of unnecessary copying and
might indicate that the true nature of the data you are
dealing with is uncertain. If the data is NUL-terminated
8-bit data, use QCString; if it is unterminated (ie.
contains NULs) 8-bit data, use QByteArray; if it is text,
use QString.
Debug vs. Release
QString
QString::latin1()
to catch places where
Unicode information is being converted to ASCII (loosing
information if your user in not using Latin1). Qt has
a small number of calls to this - ignore those. As a stricter
alternative, compile your code with QT_NO_ASCII_CAST defined,
which hides the automatic conversion of QString to const char*,
so you can catch problems at compile time.
Points to note about the new QString are:
In Qt 1.x the constructor was used in two ways: accidentally, by attempting to convert a char to a QString (the char converts to int!) - giving strange bugs, and as a way to make a QString big enough prior to calling
QString::sprintf(). In Qt 2.x, the accidental bug case is prevented (you will get a compilation error) and QString::sprintf has been made safe - you no longer need to pre-allocate space (though for other reasons, sprintf is still a poor choice - eg. it doesn't pass Unicode). The only remaining common case is conversion of 0 (NULL) to QString, which would usually give expected results in Qt 1.x. For Qt 2.x the correct syntax is to use QString::null, though note that the default constructor, QString(), creates a null string too. Assignment of 0 to a QString is ambiguous - assign QString::null; you'll mainly find these in code that has been converted from const char* types to QString. This also prevents a common error case from Qt 1.x - in that version, mystr = 'X' would not produce the expected results and was always a programming error; in Qt 2.x, it works - making a single-character string.
Also see QStrList.
QObject::connect()to the old signals and slots, usually with a message indicating the const QString& replacement signal/slot.
QString s = "fred"; s[1] = '\0'; // s.length() == 4 // s == "f\0ed" // s.latin1() == "f" s[1] = 'r'; // s == "fred" // s.latin1() == "fred"Especially look out for this type of code:
QString s(2); s[0] = '?'; s[1] = 0;This creates a string 2 characters long. To find these problems while converting, you might like to add Q_ASSERT(strlen(d->ascii)==d->len) inside
QString::latin1().
The Standard C++ Library string is not Unicode. Nor is wstring defined to be so (for the small number of platforms where it is defined at all). This is the same mistake made over and over in the history of C - only when non-8-bit characters are the norm do programmers find them usable. Though it is possible to convert between string and QString, it is less efficient than using QString throughout. For example, when using:
QLabel::setText( const QString& )if you use string, like this:
void myclass::dostuffwithtext( const string& str ) { mylabel.setText( QString(str.c_str()) ); }that will create a (ASCII only) copy of str, stored in mylabel. But this:
void myclass::dostuffwithtext( const QString& str ) { mylabel.setText( str ); }will make an implicitly shared reference to str in the QLabel - no copying at all. This function might be 10 nested function calls away from something like this:
void toplevelclass::initializationstuff() { doStuff( tr("Okay") ); }At this point, in Qt 2.x, the tr() does a very fast dictionary lookup through memory-mapped message files, returning some Unicode QString for the appropriate language (the default being to just make a QString out of the text, of course - you're not forced to use any of these features), and that same memory mapped Unicode will be passed though the system. All occurrences of the translation of "Okay" can potentially be shared.
In the function
QApplication::setColorSpec(), PrivateColor and TrueColor are obsolete. Use ManyColor instead.
All colors (color0, color1, black, white, darkGray, gray, lightGray, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, darkRed, darkGreen, darkBlue, darkCyan, darkMagenta, and darkYellow) are in the Qt namespace. In members of classes that inherit the Qt namespace-class (eg. QWidget subclasses), you can use the unqualified names as before, but in global functions (eg. main()), you need to qualify them: Qt::red, Qt::white, etc. See also the QRgb section below.
In QRgb (a typedef of long), the order of the RGB channels has changed to be in the more efficient order (for typical contemporary hardware). If your code made assumptions about the order, you will get blue where you expect red and vice versa (you'll not notice the problem if you use shades of gray, green, or magenta). You should port your code to use the creator function qRgb(int r,int g,int b) and the access functions qRed(QRgb), qBlue(QRgb), and qGreen(QRgb). If you are using the alpha channel, it hasn't moved, but you should use the functions qRgba(int,int,int,int) and qAlpha(QRgb). Note also that QColor::pixel() does not return a QRgb (it never did on all platforms, but your code may have assumed so on your platform) - this may also produce strange color results - use QColor::rgb() if you want a QRgb.
The QDatastream serialization format of most Qt classes is changed in Qt 2.x. Use
QDataStream::setVersion( 1 )to get a datastream object that can read and write Qt 1.x format data streams.
If you want to write Qt 1.x format datastreams, note the following compatibility issues:
QString::latin1().
This function is now called reparent().
This function is removed. Calls like QWidget::setAcceptFocus(TRUE) should be replaced by
QWidget::setFocusPolicy(StrongFocus), and calls like QWidget::setAcceptFocus(FALSE) should be replaced by
QWidget::setFocusPolicy(NoFocus). Additional policies are TabFocus and ClickFocus.
paintEvent(0) is not permitted - subclasses need not check for a null event, and might crash. Never pass 0 as the argument to paintEvent(). You probably just want repaint() or update() instead.
When processing a paintEvent, painting is only permitted within the update region specified in the event. Any painting outside will be clipped away. This shouldn't break any code (it was always like this on MS-Windows) but makes many explicit calls to QPainter::setClipRegion() superfluous. Apart from the improved consistency, the change is likely to reduce flicker and to make Qt event slightly faster.
The protected member QIODevice::index is renamed to QIODevice::ioIndex to avoid warnings and to allow compilation with bad C libraries that #define index to strchr. If you have made a subclass of QIODevice, check every occurrence of the string "index" in the implementation, since a compiler will not always catch cases like
(uint)indexthat need to be changed.
QLabel::setMargin()
QLabel::setMargin()and
QLabel::margin()have been renamed to
QLabel::setIndent()and
QLabel::indent(), respectively. This was done to avoid collision with QFrame::setMargin(), which is now virtual.
QLabel::setMovie()
Previously, setting a movie on a label cleared the value of text(). Now it doesn't. If you somehow used QLabel::text() to detect if a movie was set, you might have trouble. This is unlikely.
The semantics of the parent pointer changed for modeless dialogs: In Qt-2.x, dialogs are always top level windows. The parent, however, takes the ownership of the dialog, i.e. it will delete the dialog at destruction if it has not been explicitly deleted already. Furthermore, the window system will be able to tell that both the dialog and the parent belong together. Some X11 window managers will for instance provide a common taskbar entry in that case.
If the dialog belongs to a top level main window of your application, pass this main window as parent to the dialog's constructor. Old code (with 0 pointer) will still run. Old code that included QDialogs as child widgets will no longer work (it never really did). If you think you might be doing this, put a breakpoint in QDialog::QDialog() conditional on parent not being 0.
Many methods that took a QStrList can now instead take a QStringList, which is a real list of QString values.
To use QStringList rather than QStrList, change loops that look like this:
QStrList list = ...; const char* s; for ( s = list.first(); s; s = list.next() ) { process(s); }to be like this:
QStringList list = ...; QStringList::ConstIterator i; for ( i = list.begin(); i != list.end(); ++i ) { process(*i); }
In general, the QStrList functions are less efficient, building a temporary QStringList.
The following functions now use QStringList rather than QStrList for return types/parameters.
The following functions are added:
The rarely used static function void QFont::listSubstitutions(QStrList*) is replaced by QStringList QFont::substitutions().
Calling resize(0,0) or resize(1,1) will no longer work magically. Remove all such calls. The default size of top level widgets will be their sizeHint().
The default implementation of QWidget::sizeHint() will no longer return just an invalid size; if the widget has a layout, it will return the layout's preferred size.
The special maximum MaximumHeight/Width is now QWIDGETSIZE_MAX, not QCOORD_MAX.
QBoxLayout::addWidget() now interprets the alignment parameter more aggressively. A non-default alignment now indicates that the widget should not grow to fill the available space, but should be sized according to sizeHint(). If a widget is too small, set the alignment to 0. (Zero indicates no alignment, and is the default.)
The class QGManager is removed. Subclasses of QLayout need to be rewritten to use the new, much simpler QLayout API.
For typical layouts, all use of setMinimumSize() and setFixedSize() can be removed. activate() is no longer necessary.
You might like to look at the QGrid, QVBox, and QHBox widgets - they offer a simple way to build nested widget structures.
In Qt 1.x mouse events to the viewport where redirected to the event handlers for the listview; in Qt 2.x, this functionality is in QScrollView where mouse (and other position-oriented) events are redirected to viewportMousePressEvent() etc, which in turn translate the event to the coordinate system of the contents and call contentsMousePressEvent() etc, thus providing events in the most convenient coordinate system. If you overrode QListView::MouseButtonPress(), QListView::mouseDoubleClickEvent(), QListView::mouseMoveEvent(), or QListView::mouseReleaseEvent() you must instead override viewportMousePressEvent(), viewportMouseDoubleClickEvent(), viewportMouseMoveEvent(), or viewportMouseReleaseEvent() respectively. New code will usually override contentsMousePressEvent() etc.
The signal QListView::selectionChanged(QListViewItem *) can now be emitted with a null pointer as parameter. Programs that use the argument without checking for 0, may crash.
The protected function
QMultiLineEdit::textWidth(QString*)changed to
QMultiLineEdit::textWidth(const QString&). This is unlikely to be a problem, and you'll get a compile error if you called it.
QClipboard::pixmap()now returns a QPixmap, not a QPixmap*. The pixmap will be null if no pixmap is on the clipboard. QClipboard now offers powerful MIME-based types on the clipboard, just like drag-and-drop (in fact, you can reuse most of your drag-and-drop code with clipboard operations).
QDropSite is obsolete. If you simply passed this, just remove the inheritance of QDropSite and call setAcceptDrops(TRUE) in the class constructor. If you passed something other than this, your code will not work. A common case is passing the viewport() of a QListView, in which case, override the contentsDragMoveEvent(), etc. functions rather than QListView's dragMoveEvent() etc. For other cases, you will need to use an event filter to act on the drag/drop events of another widget (as is the usual way to intercept foreign events).
The parameters in the signal contentsMoving(int,int) are now positive rather than negative values, coinciding with setContentsPos(). Search for connections you make to this signal, and either change the slot they are connected to such that it also expects positive rather than negative values, or introduce an intermediate slot and signal that negates them.
If you used drag and drop with QScrollView, you may experience the problem described for QDropSite.
operator<<(QTextStream&, QChar&)does not skip whitespace.
operator<<(QTextStream&, char&)does, as was the case with Qt 1.x. This is for backward compatibility.
The class QUrlDrag is renamed to QUriDrag, and the API has been broadened to include additional conversion routines, including conversions to Unicode filenames (see the class documentation for details). Note that in Qt 1.x the QUrlDrag class used the non-standard MIME type "url/url", while QUriDrag uses the standardized "text/uri-list" type. Other identifiers affected by the Url to Uri change are QUrlDrag::setUrls() and QUrlDrag::urlToLocalFile().
The GrayText painter flag has been removed. Use setPen( palette().disabled().foreground() ) instead.
The RasterOp enum (CopyROP, OrROP, XorROP, NotAndROP, EraseROP, NotCopyROP, NotOrROP, NotXorROP, AndROP, NotEraseROP, NotROP, ClearROP, SetROP, NopROP, AndNotROP, OrNotROP, NandROP, NorROP, LastROP) is now part of the Qt namespace class, so if you use it outside a member function, you'll need to prefix with Qt::.
The binary storage format of QPicture is changed, but the Qt 2.x QPicture class can both read and write Qt 1.x format QPictures. No special handling is required for reading; QPicture will automatically detect the version number. In order to write a Qt 1.x format QPicture, set the formatVersion parameter to 1 in the QPicture constructor.
For writing Qt 1.x format QPictures, the compatibility issues of QDataStream applies.
It is safe to try to read a QPicture file generated with Qt 2.x (without formatVersion set to 1) with a program compiled with Qt 1.x. The program will not crash, it will just issue the warning "QPicture::play: Incompatible version 2.x" and refuse to load the picture.
The basic coordinate datatype in these classes, QCOORD, is now 32 bit (int) instead of a 16 bit (short). The const values QCOORD_MIN and QCOORD_MAX have changed accordingly.
QPointArray is now actually, not only seemingly, a QArray of QPoint objects. The semi-internal workaround classes QPointData and QPointVal are removed since they are no longer needed; QPoint is used directly instead. The function
QPointArray::shortPoints()provides the point array converted to short (16bit) coordinates for use with external functions that demand that format.
QImage uses QRgb for the colors - see the changes to that.
QPixmap::convertToImage()with bitmaps now guarantees that color0 pixels become color(0) in the resulting QImage. If you worked around the lack of this, you may be able to simplify your code. If you made assumptions about the previous undefined behavior, the symptom will be inverted bitmaps (eg. "inside-out" masks).
QPixmap::optimize(TRUE)is replaced by
QPixmap::setOptimization(QPixmap::NormalOptim)or
QPixmap::setOptimization(QPixmap::BestOptim)- see the documentation to choose which is best for your application. NormalOptim is most like the Qt 1.x "TRUE" optimization.
In Qt 1.x, new menu items were assigned either an application-wide unique identifier or an identifier equal to the index of the item, depending on the insertItem(...) function used. In Qt 2.x this confusing situation has been cleaned up: generated identifiers are always unique across the entire application.
If your code depends on generated ids being equal to the item's index, a quick fix is to use
QMenuData::indexOf(int id)in the handling function instead. You may alternatively pass
QMenuData::count()as identifier when you insert the items.
Furthermore, QPopupMenus can (and should!) be created with a parent widget now, for example the main window that is used to display the popup. This way, the popup will automatically be destroyed together with its main window. Otherwise you'll have to take care of the ownership manually.
QPopupMenus are also reusable in 2.x. They may occur in different locations within one menu structure or be used as both a menubar drop-down and as a context popup-menu. This should make it possible to significantly simplify many applications.
Last but not least, QPopupMenu no longer inherits QTableView. Instead, it directly inherits QFrame.
QValidator::validate(...)and
QValidator::fixup( QString & )are now const functions. If your subclass reimplements validate() as a non-const function, you will get a compile error (validate was pure virtual).
In QLineEdit, QComboBox, and QSpinBox, setValidator(...) now takes a const pointer to a QValidator, and validator() returns a const pointer. This change highlights the fact that the widgets do not take the ownership of the validator (a validator is a QObject on its own, with its own parent - you can easily set the same validator object on many different widgets), so changing the state of such an object or deleting it is very likely a bug.
File and directory names are now always Unicode strings (ie. QString). If you used QString in the past for the simplicity it offers, you'll probably have little consequence. However, if you pass filenames to system functions rather than using Qt functions (eg. if you use the Unix unlink() function rather than QFile::remove(), your code will probably only work for Latin1 locales (eg. Western Europe, the U.S.). To ensure your code will support filenames in other locales, either use the Qt functions, or convert the filenames via
QFile::encodeFilename()and
QFile::decodeFilename()- but do it just as you call the system function - code that mixes encoded and unencoded filenames is very error prone. See the comments in QString, such as regarding QT_NO_ASCII_CAST that can help find potential problems.
boundingRect(char) is replaced by boundingRect(QChar), but since char auto-converts to QChar, you're not likely to run into problems with this.
This class (which was just QWidget under a different name) has been removed. If you used it, do a global search-and-replace of the word "QWindow" with "QWidget".
The global #define macros in qevent.h have been replaced by an enum in QEvent. Use e.g. QEvent::Paint instead of Event_Paint. Same for all of: Event_None, Event_Timer, Event_MouseButtonPress, Event_MouseButtonRelease, Event_MouseButtonDblClick, Event_MouseMove, Event_KeyPress, Event_KeyRelease, Event_FocusIn, Event_FocusOut, Event_Enter, Event_Leave, Event_Paint, Event_Move, Event_Resize, Event_Create, Event_Destroy, Event_Show, Event_Hide, Event_Close, Event_Quit, Event_Accel, Event_Clipboard, Event_SockAct, Event_DragEnter, Event_DragMove, Event_DragLeave, Event_Drop, Event_DragResponse, Event_ChildInserted, Event_ChildRemoved, Event_LayoutHint, Event_ActivateControl, Event_DeactivateControl, and Event_User.
The Q_*_EVENT macros in qevent.h have been deleted. Use an explicit cast instead. The macros were: Q_TIMER_EVENT, Q_MOUSE_EVENT, Q_KEY_EVENT, Q_FOCUS_EVENT, Q_PAINT_EVENT, Q_MOVE_EVENT, Q_RESIZE_EVENT, Q_CLOSE_EVENT, Q_SHOW_EVENT, Q_HIDE_EVENT, and Q_CUSTOM_EVENT.
QChildEvents are now sent for all QObjects, not just QWidgets. You may need to add extra checking if you use a QChildEvent without much testing of its values.
All these functions have been removed in Qt 2.x. Most are simply cases where "const char*" has changed to "const QString&", or when an enumeration type has moved into the Qt:: namespace (which, technically, is a new name, but your code will compile just the same anyway). This list is provided for completeness.
Copyright © 2007 Trolltech | Trademarks | Qt 3.3.8
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