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1233 lines
36 KiB
1233 lines
36 KiB
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.2-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdex.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY kappname "&kformula;">
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<!ENTITY package "koffice">
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<!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE" > <!-- change language only here -->
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<!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE">
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]>
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<book lang="&language;">
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<bookinfo>
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<title>The &kformula; Handbook</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jonathan</firstname>
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<surname>Drews</surname>
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<affiliation><address><email>j.e.drews@att.net</email></address></affiliation>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Anne-Marie</firstname>
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<surname>Mahfouf</surname>
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<affiliation><address><email>annma@kde.org</email></address></affiliation>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Alfredo</firstname>
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<surname>Beaumont Sainz</surname>
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<affiliation><address><email>alfredo.beaumont@gmail.com</email></address></affiliation>
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</author>
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<othercredit role="developer">
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<firstname>Ulrich</firstname>
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<surname>Küttler</surname>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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</othercredit>
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<!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS -->
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</authorgroup>
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<copyright>
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<year>2002</year>
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<holder>Jonathan Drews</holder>
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</copyright>
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<copyright>
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<year>2005</year>
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<holder>Anne-Marie Mahfouf</holder>
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</copyright>
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<copyright>
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<year>2006</year>
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<holder>Alfredo Beaumont Sainz</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>&FDLNotice;</legalnotice>
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<date>2006-09-09</date>
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<releaseinfo>1.5.90</releaseinfo>
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<abstract>
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<para>
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&kformula; is used to layout formulas.
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</para>
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</abstract>
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<keywordset>
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<keyword>KDE</keyword>
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<keyword>KOffice</keyword>
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<keyword>kformula</keyword>
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<keyword>formula</keyword>
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</keywordset>
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</bookinfo>
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<chapter id="introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>&kformula; is used to write formulas. It doesn't evaluate
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anything. All it does is print them.</para>
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<para>&kformula; was designed for your editing pleasure. It makes it
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delightful to enter Greek letters, fractions and all the stuff that
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makes a formula look like a formula.</para>
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<para>But most of the time you won't want to use &kformula; itself.
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Instead you might choose to use it from within &kword; or any other
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&koffice; application. That is &kformula; is not a useful application
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on its own but an extension to all the other &koffice; applications
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you've fallen in love with.</para>
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<para>Where ever &kformula; gets embedded, it will
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behave the same.</para>
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</chapter>
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<chapter id="basics">
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<title>Basics</title>
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<para>A new (empty) &kformula; document looks like a small blue square.
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This square stands for the central idea of &kformula;. It represents an
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empty list. The idea of &kformula; is to have different elements
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arranged in lists. An element in this respect might be a single char
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or a root symbol or something like that. The lists are put together so
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that they form a formula. That is there are lists for indexes, lower
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and upper bounds and so on. And of course there is the main
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list, which we've already seen.</para>
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<para>Writing a formula means to fill the empty list with letters,
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figures and mathematical symbols. That is straightforward: use your
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keyboard. As soon as you type something the <quote>empty</quote>
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symbol will vanish and you will see whatever you have inserted
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instead. New characters are always put at the current cursor
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position.</para>
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<para>There is a toolbar called <guilabel>Add</guilabel> that allows
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you to create more complex elements. There are indices, fractions,
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roots and matrices to name a few. All these elements
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consist of at least one list, you can move the cursor into and insert
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new items.</para>
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</chapter>
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<chapter id="using-kformula">
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<title>Using &kformula;</title>
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<para> Below is a typical formula entry in &kformula;. To enter the partial
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derivatives and Greek letters click on the symbol combo box, on the
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right, and select the appropriate symbol. The symbol combo box, in the figure
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below, has the word
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<quote>Cap</quote> on it. Click on the return key symbol to the right of it,
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to enter a symbol.</para>
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<screenshot>
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<screeninfo>Screenshot of &kformula;</screeninfo>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="green1.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>Screenshot of &kformula;</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</screenshot>
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<para> The Greens formula above can be printed to a &PostScript;
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file. To do that choose <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice> and configure print as shown below:</para>
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<screenshot>
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<screeninfo>Here's a screenshot of Greens Formula in &kformula;</screeninfo>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="green2.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject>
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<textobject><phrase>Here's a screenshot of Greens Formula in &kformula;</phrase></textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</screenshot>
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<para>
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Here is what the the resulting &PostScript; file should look
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like:</para>
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<screenshot>
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<screeninfo>Here is the &PostScript; output from &kformula;</screeninfo>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="greens.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</screenshot>
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<sect1 id="kformula-features">
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<title>More &kformula; features</title>
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<para>More on formulas</para>
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<para>To enter matrices, click on the <guiicon>[ ]</guiicon> and then click
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on the matrix symbol <inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="matrix.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.
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You can move from matrix element to matrix element using the arrow
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keys <keysym>Right arrow</keysym>, <keysym>Up arrow</keysym>,
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<keysym>Down arrow</keysym> and <keysym>Left arrow</keysym>. An example matrix
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is shown below.
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</para>
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<screenshot>
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<screeninfo>Here is the resulting matrix;</screeninfo>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="matrix-view.png" format="PNG"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</screenshot>
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</sect1>
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</chapter>
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<chapter id="commands">
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<title>Command Reference</title>
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<sect1 id="kformula-mainwindow">
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<title>The Main &kformula; Window</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>The <guimenu>File</guimenu> Menu</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Creates a new &kformula;
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document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>O</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Open...</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Opens a previously saved
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document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guisubmenu>Open Recent</guisubmenu>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Displays a selection of recently opened documents.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Save</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Saves the document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Save As...</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Saves the document with a name you provide.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Reload</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Reloads the more recently opened document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Import</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Imports formulas from other formats.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Export</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Exports the current document in another format.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Mail...</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Invokes &kmail; so you can email the file.
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The file is already attached to the email.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>P</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Print...</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Prints the document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Print Preview...</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Shows how the printed document will appear.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Document Information</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Provides a dialog box where you can enter your name,
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email address and a short description about the document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>W</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem>
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|
</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Closes the current document.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Q</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>File</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Quits</action> &kformula;.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>The <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> Menu</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Undo</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Undoes an action. You can revert to the state that existed
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before your last change.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl; &Shift; <keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Redo</guimenuitem>
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|
</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Undoes an undo. Reverse the action of Undo. This will restore the change
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you originally made.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>X</keycap></keycombo>
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</shortcut>
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<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
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</menuchoice></term>
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<listitem><para><action>Cuts a highlighted piece of text from the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
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<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
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|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
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<guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem>
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|
</menuchoice></term>
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|
<listitem><para><action>Copies a highlighted piece of text from the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><menuchoice>
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<shortcut>
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|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>V</keycap></keycombo>
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|
</shortcut>
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|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
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|
<guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
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|
<listitem><para><action>Pastes the text you selected with Cut or Copy to the &kformula; screen.</action></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
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|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>A</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
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|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
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|
<guimenuitem>Select All</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
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|
<listitem><para><action>Highlights all the text in the &kformula; screen for
|
|
either Cut or Copy.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>R</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
|
|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Remove Enclosing Element</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Removes enclosing braces, brackets or absolute value bars.
|
|
This action takes place on the braces just outside the cursor.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>G</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
|
|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Convert to Greek</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Converts a Latin character to a Greek symbol.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Edit Formula String...</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Brings up an editor where you can edit the existing formula.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>See the <link linkend="advanced"> Advanced editing</link>
|
|
section for details.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>The <guimenu>Element</guimenu> Menu</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Root</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the square root.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Fraction</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a fraction.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Bracket</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a pair of brackets, &ie; ( ). You can also just
|
|
type ( to insert a pair of brackets.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Integral</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the integral sign.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Sum</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the summation sign.
|
|
(sigma).</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Product</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the product sign.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Matrix...</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a matrix. A dialog box pops up, with the default size being 3x3.
|
|
You can specify the number of rows and columns in this box.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add 1x2 Matrix</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a two rowed column vector.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Overline</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts an overline in this box.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Underline</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts an underline in this box.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Multiline</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a new line each time you type Enter in the square.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Upper Index</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Adds an upper index like so: </action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="upper-index.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Lower Index</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Adds a lower index: </action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="lower-index.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.</para>
|
|
<note><para> See the <link linkend="indices">Definite Integrals and
|
|
Indices</link> section for details about indices.</para></note></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Negative Thin Space</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a small reduced space, here between the o and the e:</action><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="negative_thin_space.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Thin Space</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a small space.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Medium Space</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a space that is one and a half times wider.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Thick Space</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a double space.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Add</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add Quad Space</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a quadruple wide space.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Insert Column</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a column in an existing matrix. The column is inserted where the cursor is at.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Append Column</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Appends a column to an existing matrix. The column is appended on the right.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Remove Column</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Removes a column from an existing matrix. Removal occurs where the cursor is positioned.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Insert Row</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts a row in an existing matrix. The row is inserted where the cursor is at.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Append Row</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Appends a row to an existing matrix. The row is appended on the bottom.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Matrix</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Remove Row</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Removes a row from an existing matrix. Removal occurs where the cursor is positioned.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Size</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Allows to set the size of the font (from 6 to 72).</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Left Delimiter</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Allows insertion of various delimiters &ie; (, {, and
|
|
[.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Right Delimiter</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Allows insertion of various delimiters &ie; ), }, and
|
|
].</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<shortcut>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>I</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
</shortcut>
|
|
<guimenu>Element</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Insert Symbol</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Inserts the symbol, selected in the symbol
|
|
toolbar.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>The <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> Menu</title>
|
|
<para>Here you can choose how &kformula; is configured.
|
|
You can select the toolbars you want displayed or the type of fonts to be
|
|
used.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>File (KFormula)</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Toggles the toolbar that contains clickable icons for
|
|
new, open and save files.
|
|
Print and print preview are here also.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Edit (KFormula)</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Toggles the edit toolbar. Here are clickable icons for
|
|
cut and paste as well as Undo and Redo.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Add (KFormula)</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>This toolbar contains all the mathematical elements such
|
|
as Sum, Integral, Exponent &etc;</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Font (KFormula)</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>This toolbar contains the font settings (size, bold, italic, &etc;).</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Symbol (KFormula)</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>This toggles the combo box that contains Del, the
|
|
partial derivative symbol, limit arrows,
|
|
boolean operators and other mathematical symbols.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guisubmenu>Toolbars</guisubmenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Matrix (KFormula)</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>This toggles the matrix toolbar. It contains clickable
|
|
icons that pertain to matrix creation and editing.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Syntax Highlighting</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Checking this item determines if the numbers will be
|
|
displayed in color.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Configuring Shortcuts</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Shortcuts...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
allows you to specify shortcuts.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Below is an example of how to configure a shortcut for a
|
|
print preview.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Picture of shortcut dialog</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="shortcut0.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Click on <guilabel>Custom</guilabel>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Next click on the button <guibutton>Advanced >></guibutton> and then <guilabel>Primary shortcut:</guilabel>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do <userinput><keycombo
|
|
action="seq">&Ctrl;<keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput>
|
|
and the dialog should disappear. The shortcut is now entered.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Picture of shortcut dialog</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="shortcut1.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para>Pressing the keys <userinput><keycombo
|
|
action="seq"><keycap>&Ctrl;</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput>
|
|
now displays the print preview.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Configuring Toolbars</title>
|
|
<para>The <menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Toolbars...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
|
|
is used to add additional buttons to the toolbars.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Picture of toolbars dialog</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="toolbars.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>To add a button to the <guilabel>File</guilabel> toolbar,
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Picture of toolbars dialog</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="file-toolbar.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para> make sure <guilabel>File
|
|
<&koffice;></guilabel> is displayed in the top combo box.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Click on one of the items in the left hand pane. This item will now be
|
|
highlighted to show that it has been selected.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Next click on the <guiicon>Right arrow</guiicon> button to place it in
|
|
the right pane.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Click on <userinput><guilabel>Apply</guilabel></userinput> and then
|
|
click on <userinput><guilabel>OK</guilabel></userinput>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>The new Item should be in the toolbar. <inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="file-toolbar2.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Configuring &kformula;</title>
|
|
<para>The <menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure
|
|
&kformula;...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> is where the font sizes and font styles are
|
|
selected.</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The <guilabel>Formula</guilabel> section allows you to select fonts
|
|
and font highlight colors.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>The <guimenu>Help</guimenu> Menu</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Help</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Tip of the Day</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice></term>
|
|
<listitem><para><action>Opens the <guilabel>Tip of the Day</guilabel> dialog which displays a random tip about &kformula;.</action></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
&help.menu.documentation;
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="advanced">
|
|
<title>Advanced Editing</title>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="insertion">
|
|
<title>Name insertion</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A special feature is the name insertion. The blue square you
|
|
type into is actual a list. Furthermore, that list can contain other
|
|
lists. When you type a backslash (<literal>\</literal>) you get a new
|
|
empty list right away. But this one is special. It uses a different
|
|
font and is meant to insert things like function names. There is,
|
|
however, a second idea here. Your keyboard only has a limited number of keys.
|
|
The wealth of mathematical symbols on the other side is overwhelming. To get one
|
|
of those you can type its name and press the space bar afterwards. The name you
|
|
typed will be replaced by the symbol then. In this context, the
|
|
<keycap>Space</keycap> bar means <quote>get out of here</quote>, that
|
|
is move the cursor to the containing list. The cursor will be
|
|
positioned at the end of what you just entered but will also enclose part of the original
|
|
formula, after pressing the space bar.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Another thing you might want to insert are spaces. We all know,
|
|
printing formulae is all about the right spacing. And you can do just
|
|
that using a <quote>name list</quote>.</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Inside the blue square do: <userinput><keycombo
|
|
action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>,</keycap><keycap>SPACE</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a small space.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do: <userinput><keycombo
|
|
action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap><</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a medium space.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do: <userinput><keycombo
|
|
action="seq"><keycap>\</keycap><keycap>;</keycap><keycap>Space</keycap></keycombo></userinput> to get a thick space.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do: <userinput><keycap>\</keycap> quad <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput> to get
|
|
a quadruple wide space.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In the same way, specific mathematical symbols can be inserted.
|
|
<userinput><keycap>\</keycap> oint <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput> inserts
|
|
the path integral about a closed contour. Below is the result of
|
|
<userinput><keycap>\</keycap> oint <keycap>Space</keycap></userinput>:</para>
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Picture of path integral</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="path-integral.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="formula-strings">
|
|
<title>Editing Formulas</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <menuchoice>
|
|
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
|
|
<guimenuitem>Edit Formula String</guimenuitem>
|
|
</menuchoice> allows the user to edit the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> formulas that have been copied from other applications,
|
|
such as <ulink url="http://scilabsoft.inria.fr/">Scilab</ulink>, and transform them directly into mathematical type. An example will make this clear. Below is a screenshot of <literal>INRIA</literal> Scilab.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Scilab picture</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="scilab.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
<para> Copy and paste the text beginning with <literal>x*sin(30*x)</literal> into the formula editor as
|
|
shown below:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Scilab formula edit picture</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="scilab-edit.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, the editor will complain about aborted parsing. It cannot
|
|
recognize one of the symbols in the formula. The displayed formula would show that the Pi symbol is
|
|
not correctly rendered. This means that the <literal>%</literal> must be deleted. Do this and &kformula; will
|
|
render the mathematical font properly, as shown below.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Scilab formula rendered in &kformula;</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="sin.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para> The formula editor will accept most C language mathematical expressions, like the formulas from a
|
|
Runge-Kutta program below:</para>
|
|
<programlisting><function>void derives(float x, float y[], float dydx[])
|
|
{
|
|
dydx[1] = y[2];
|
|
dydx[2] = -0.8*x*y[2] - sin(x)*y[1];
|
|
}</function></programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Here <literal>dydx[1]</literal> is the first order derivative and <literal>dydx[2]</literal> is the second order
|
|
derivative. After copying the formula, you will have to edit the derivatives with &kformula;. Here is how it is done.
|
|
First copy and paste the bottom expression into the formula editor.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta in editor;</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="rk-edit0.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para>Next remove the <literal>[ ]</literal>, leaving just y's.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta edited</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="rk-edit1.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para>Now click <guibutton>OK</guibutton> and place the cursor by a <literal>y</literal> and delete it. Insert the appropriate symbols as
|
|
shown below.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Runge-Kutta in &kformula;</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="rk-edit2.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para>Not every expression that &kformula; is capable of translates into a valid C expression. For example the
|
|
superscript expression:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>Superscript in &kformula;</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="ambiguous-string.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
|
|
<para>is displayed as <literal>()**()</literal>, which is not a valid C statement for exponentiation. Similarly the 1 by 2
|
|
matrix displays as <literal>()/()</literal>. This is not a valid array in C.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="indices">
|
|
<title>Definite Integrals and Indices</title>
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Definite Integrals</title>
|
|
<para> A definite integral is made by using <keycombo
|
|
action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> for the upper limit
|
|
of integration and <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>L</keycap></keycombo>
|
|
for the lower limit of integration.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<screenshot>
|
|
<screeninfo>definite integral</screeninfo>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="definite_integral.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</screenshot>
|
|
<para>Reposition the cursor in front of the integral after making the
|
|
first of the limits.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Positioning Indices</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The upper or lower index can be positioned by highlighting the desired
|
|
text. In this example, an arrow is needed above the P, in dP. Using <keycombo
|
|
action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo> places the desired vector
|
|
symbol in the wrong place; namely above the <quote>d</quote>.
|
|
<inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="incorrect_index_location.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The problem is solved by
|
|
highlighting only the P in <inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="index_smear.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject> and then entering <keycombo
|
|
action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>U</keycap></keycombo>. Here is the correct
|
|
result. <inlinemediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="correct_index_location.png" format="PNG"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</inlinemediaobject>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id="credits-and-licenses">
|
|
<title>Credits and Licenses</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>&kformula; Copyright by The KFormula Team</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<title>&kformula; Developers (Alphabetically)</title>
|
|
<listitem><para>Alfredo Beaumont Sainz <email>alfredo.beaumont@gmail.com</email></para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Ulrich Küttler</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Andrea Rizzi</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Documentation copyright 2002 Jonathan Drews
|
|
<email>j.e.drews@att.net</email></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Documentation copyright 2005 Anne-Marie Mahfouf
|
|
<email>annma@kde.org</email></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Documentation copyright 2006 Alfredo Beaumont Sainz
|
|
<email>alfredo.beaumont@gmail.com</email></para>
|
|
<!--TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS-->
|
|
&underFDL;
|
|
&underGPL;
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<appendix id="installation">
|
|
<title>Installation</title>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="getting-kformula">
|
|
<title>How to obtain &kformula;</title>
|
|
|
|
&install.intro.documentation;
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="requirements">
|
|
<title>Requirements</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
&kformula; is part of &koffice;
|
|
on <ulink url="http://www.koffice.org/kformula ">The &kformula; home
|
|
page</ulink>
|
|
You must have &koffice; installed. &kformula; will not work without the rest of
|
|
&koffice;
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="compilation">
|
|
<title>Compilation and Installation</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
&install.compile.documentation;
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</appendix>
|
|
|
|
&documentation.index;
|
|
|
|
</book>
|