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218 lines
9.8 KiB
218 lines
9.8 KiB
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<title>Brief Technical FAQ</title>
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<font color="#004faf">Home</font></a>
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<font color="#004faf">All Classes</font></a>
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<td align="right" valign="center"><img src="logo32.png" align="right" width="64" height="32" border="0"></td></tr></table><h1 align=center>Brief Technical FAQ</h1>
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This document describes how to use more than one Qt version on one
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machine and how to use Qt on X11 without a window manager. In addition
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it explains the most common source of link errors with Qt.
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<p> Other frequently asked questions can be found in the
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<a href="http://www.trolltech.com/developer/faqs/">FAQ index</a> and
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in the <a href="http://www.trolltech.com/developer/faqs/technical.html">Technical FAQ</a>.
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<p> <ul>
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<li> <a href="#linkerror">Link error, complaining about a lack of
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<tt>vtbl</tt>, <tt>_vtbl</tt>, <tt>__vtbl</tt> or similar</a>
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<li> <a href="#diffver">Using different versions of Qt on the same
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machine</a>
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<ul>
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<li> <a href="#qtbin">Developers building for a single version of Qt on Unix - Qt binary packages</a>
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<li> <a href="#qtsrc">Developers building for two versions of Qt on Unix - Qt sources</a>
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</ul>
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<li> <a href="#nowinman">Using Qt on X11 without a window manager</a>
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<li> <a href="distributingqt.html">Distributing Qt Applications</a>
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</ul>
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<p> <a name="linkerror"></a>
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<h2> Link error, complaining about a lack of <tt>vtbl</tt>, <tt>_vtbl</tt>, <tt>__vtbl</tt> or similar
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</h2>
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<a name="1"></a><p> This indicates that you've included the <a href="metaobjects.html#Q_OBJECT">Q_OBJECT</a> macro in a class
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declaration and probably also run the <a href="moc.html#moc">moc</a>, but forgot to link the
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moc-generated object code into your executable. See <a href="moc.html">Using the Meta Object Compiler</a> for details on how to use moc.
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<p> <a name="diffver"></a>
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<h2> Using different versions of Qt on the same machine
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</h2>
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<a name="2"></a><p> Qt programs need the following components of a Qt distribution:
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<p> <dl>
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<p> <dt>Header files - Compile time
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<p> <dd>Programmers need to include the Qt header files. The Qt header files
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are usually located in the <tt>include</tt> subdirectory of Qt distributions.
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Care must be taken to include the header files of the relevant release of
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Qt. Those with a command-line compiler will typically use options such as
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<tt>/I%QTDIR%\include</tt>
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the relevant release of Qt.
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<p> <dt>Meta Object Compiler and other tools - Compile time
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<p> <dd>Programmers need to run <em>moc</em> and other tools such as <em>uic</em>. These
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tools are usually located in the <tt>bin</tt> subdirectory of Qt distributions.
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Either run <tt>"$QTDIR"/bin/moc</tt> and <tt>"$QTDIR"/bin/uic</tt> or add <tt>"$QTDIR"/bin</tt>
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to your <tt>PATH</tt> and run <a href="moc.html#moc">moc</a> and <tt>uic</tt>. If you use <tt>qmake</tt> the
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appropriate lines will be added to your Makefiles so that <em>uic</em> and
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<em>moc</em> will be executed as required.
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<p> <dt>Static or shared libraries - Link time
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<p> <dd>Programmers need to link with the Qt static or shared libraries. The Qt
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libraries are usually located in the <tt>lib</tt> subdirectory of Qt distributions.
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Care must be taken to link with the libraries of the relevant release of
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Qt. Those with a command-line compiler will typically use options such as
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<tt>/L%QTDIR%\lib\qt.lib</tt> or <tt>-L"$QTDIR"/lib</tt> <tt>-lqt</tt> provided <tt>QTDIR</tt>
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specifies the relevant release of Qt.
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<p> <dt>Shared libraries - Run time
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<p> <dd>Users of programs linked with shared Qt libraries need these same
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shared libraries to run these programs. The Qt libraries are usually
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located in the <tt>lib</tt> subdirectory of Qt distributions. Shared libraries
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are made available to programs in places such as <tt>C:\windows\system</tt> on
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Windows platforms, directories listed in file <tt>/etc/ld.so.conf</tt> on Linux,
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standard <tt>lib</tt> directories on Unix, or directories listed in environment
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variables <tt>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</tt>, <tt>SHLIB_PATH</tt>, or <tt>LIBPATH</tt> on various Unix
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flavours. Make the relevant Qt libraries available using one of these
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mechanisms.
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<p> </dl>
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<p> Qt distributions consist of different files needed at compile time,
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link time, or run time. Trolltech distributes Qt in the form of a
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source package that contain all these files once they have been built.
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<p> Other vendors distribute Qt in the form of binary packages. Binary packages
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usually consist of two parts:
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<p> <ul>
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<li> shared libraries in the run time package, usually called <tt>qt3</tt>.
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<p> <li> header files, static libraries, the moc and other tools in the developers'
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kit, usually called <tt>qt3-dev</tt>.
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<p> </ul>
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<p> Depending on how you are using Qt, you need to make specific parts of
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the Qt distribution available to your programs. Typical situations are
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described below.
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<p> <a name="qtbin"></a>
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<h3> Developers building for a single version of Qt on Unix - Qt binary packages
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</h3>
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<a name="2-1"></a><p> You build programs with a single version of Qt, but you still need
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to run programs linked with another version of Qt. You are typically
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a Linux developer who builds programs for Qt 3.x on a KDE desktop based
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on Qt 2.x. Qt packages are usually split into a shared library
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package with a name like <tt>qt</tt> and a developer package with a name
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like <tt>qt-dev</tt>. You will need the appropriate packages:
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<p> <ul>
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<p> <li> To build programs you will need the header files, the libraries,
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the moc and other tools from Qt 3.x. They are included in the developer
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package of Qt 3.x (<tt>qt3-dev</tt> or similar).
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<p> <li> To run programs you will need the shared libraries of Qt 3.x and
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Qt 2.x. They are included in the regular packages of Qt 3.x (<tt>qt3</tt>
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or similar) and Qt 2.x (<tt>qt2</tt> or similar).
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<p> </ul>
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<p> Just install the packages, <tt>qt2</tt>, <tt>qt3</tt>, and <tt>qt3-dev</tt>. You may
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need to set the environment variable <tt>QTDIR</tt> to point to Qt 3.x.
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<p> <a name="qtsrc"></a>
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<h3> Developers building for two versions of Qt on Unix - Qt sources
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</h3>
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<a name="2-2"></a><p> You build and run programs for Qt 2.x and Qt 3.x. You will need:
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<p> <ul>
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<p> <li> the header files, the libraries, the moc and other tools from Qt 3.x
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and Qt 2.x to build programs,
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<p> <li> the shared libraries of Qt 3.x and Qt 2.x to run programs.
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<p> </ul>
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<p> Get the source distributions of both Qt 2.x and Qt 3.x.
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<p> <ol type=1>
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<p> <li> Install and build Qt 2.x and Qt 3.x, usually in <tt>/opt</tt> or
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<tt>/usr/local</tt>. In the case of <tt>/opt</tt>:
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<p> <pre>
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$ cd /opt
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$ gunzip -c \c qt-x11-2.3.1.tar.gz | tar xf -
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$ cd qt-2.3.1
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$ setenv QTDIR /opt/qt-2.3.1
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$ configure [options]
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$ make
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$ cd /opt
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$ gunzip -c qt-x11-free-3.0.0.tar.gz | tar xf -
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$ cd qt-3.0.0
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$ setenv QTDIR /opt/qt-3.0.0
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$ configure [options]
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$ make
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</pre>
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<p> <li> Make shared libraries available to programs at run time. Either
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add both <tt>/opt/qt-2.3.1/lib</tt> and <tt>/opt/qt-3.0.0/lib</tt> to your environment
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variable <tt>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</tt> or file <tt>/etc/ld.so.conf</tt> or whataver mechanism
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you're using, or make links to the libraries in a standard directory like
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<tt>/usr/local/lib</tt>:
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<p> <pre>
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cd /usr/local/lib
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ln -s /opt/qt-2.3.1/lib/libqt.so.2 .
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ln -s /opt/qt-2.3.1/lib/libqt-mt.so.2 .
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ln -s /opt/qt-2.3.1/lib/libqutil.so.1 .
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ln -s /opt/qt-3.0.0/lib/libqt.so.3 .
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ln -s /opt/qt-3.0.0/lib/libqui.so.1 .
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</pre>
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<p> </ol>
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<p> To develop with Qt 2.x use:
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<p> <pre>
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setenv QTDIR /opt/qt-2.3.1
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setenv PATH ${QTDIR}/bin:${PATH}
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</pre>
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<p> To develop with Qt 3.x use:
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<p> <pre>
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setenv QTDIR /opt/qt-3.0.0
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setenv PATH ${QTDIR}/bin:${PATH}
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</pre>
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<p> Setting <tt>QTDIR</tt> ensures that the proper resources are used, such as the
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documentation appropriate to the version of Qt you're using. Also
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your Makfiles may refer to <tt>"$QTDIR"/include</tt> and <tt>"$QTDIR"/lib</tt> to
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include the proper header files and link with the proper libraries.
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Setting the <tt>PATH</tt> ensures that the proper version of moc and other
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tools is being used.
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<p> <a name="nowinman"></a>
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<h2> Using Qt on X11 without a window manager
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</h2>
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<a name="3"></a><p> When using Qt without a window manager on Unix/X11, you will most
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likely experience focus problems. Without a window manager, there is
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no focus handling on X11, and no concept of an active window
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either. If you want your application to work in such an environment,
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you have to explicitly mark a window as active <em>after</em> showing it:
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<p> <pre>
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yourWindow->show();
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yourWindow->setActiveWindow();
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</pre>
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<p> Note that setActiveWindow() won't work if the widget does not become
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physically visible during this event cycle. However, without a window
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manager running, this is guaranteed to happen. For the curious reader:
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setActiveWindow() emulates a window manager by explicitly setting the
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X Input Focus to a widget's top level window.
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<p>
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<!-- eof -->
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<p><address><hr><div align=center>
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<table width=100% cellspacing=0 border=0><tr>
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<td>Copyright © 2007
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<a href="troll.html">Trolltech</a><td align=center><a href="trademarks.html">Trademarks</a>
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<td align=right><div align=right>Qt 3.3.8</div>
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</table></div></address></body>
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