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4880 lines
362 KiB
4880 lines
362 KiB
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--
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The data for the isotopes is taken from:
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Lexikon der Physik, 2000 Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag GmbH
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D. Mende und G. Simon, Physik - Gleichungen und Tabellen, 13. Auflage, 2001 Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE kalzium SYSTEM "data.dtd">
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<kalzium>
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<element>
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|
<number>1</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'hydro' and 'gennao' for 'forms water'">Hydrogen</name>
|
|
<symbol>H</symbol>
|
|
<period>1</period>
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|
<spectra>
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|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="949.7430" aki="0.34375" energy1="0.0000" energy2="105291.6443" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2.3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="972.5367" aki="0.6819" energy1="0.0000" energy2="102823.8791" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2.3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1025.7222" aki="1.6725" energy1="0.0000" energy2="97492.2835" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2.3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1215.66824" aki="6.2648" energy1="0.0000" energy2="82259.2850" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1215.67364" aki="6.2649" energy1="0.0000" energy2="82258.9191" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="4861.2786" aki="0.1719" energy1="82258.9191" energy2="102823.8942" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="10" wavelength="4861.2870" aki="0.0967" energy1="82258.9544" energy2="102823.8943" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="4861.3615" aki="0.2063" energy1="82259.2850" energy2="102823.9095" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="6562.7110" aki="0.5388" energy1="82258.9191" energy2="97492.3195" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="6562.7248" aki="0.2245" energy1="82258.9544" energy2="97492.3196" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
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</spectra>
|
|
<mass>1.00794</mass>
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|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. Cavendish">1766</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning></biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-73</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.1</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>13.81</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>20.28</boilingpoint>
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|
<isotopes>
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<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+2.792846" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="1.007825" neutron="0" percentage="99.985" />
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|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="+0.857438" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="2.0141" neutron="1" percentage="0.015" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.01861" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+2.978960" halflife="12.3" halflifeformat="years" weight="3.016049" neutron="2" pecentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<density>0.084</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>13.598</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>37.3</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>25</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>120</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>74.130</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="-1">208</ionic>
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|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>1s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1.(-1)</oxydation>
|
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<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
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<abundance>1520</abundance>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
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<number>2</number>
|
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<name origin="The Greek word for the sun was 'helios'">Helium</name>
|
|
<symbol>He</symbol>
|
|
<period>1</period>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="522.21309" aki="2.4356" energy1="0.000" energy2="191492.7120" electronconfig1="1s2" electronconfig2="1s4p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="537.02992" aki="5.6634" energy1="0.000" energy2="186209.3651" electronconfig1="1s2" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="584.33436" aki="17.989" energy1="0.000" energy2="171134.8970" electronconfig1="1s2" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="3888.6046" aki="0.0947" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="185564.8547" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
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<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3888.6456" aki="0.0947" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="185564.5840" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3888.6489" aki="0.0947" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="185564.5620" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
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<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="5875.6148" aki="0.7070" energy1="169086.7666" energy2="186101.5463" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="3" />
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<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5875.6404" aki="0.5303" energy1="169086.8430" energy2="186101.5488" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="2" />
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<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="5875.9663" aki="0.3927" energy1="169087.8309" energy2="186101.5930" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="0" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="6678.1517" aki="0.6369" energy1="171134.8970" energy2="186104.9668" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="1P°" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
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<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="7065.1771" aki="0.1547" energy1="169086.7666" energy2="183236.7918" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="2" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="7065.2153" aki="0.0928" energy1="169086.8430" energy2="183236.7918" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="1" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="20" wavelength="7065.7086" aki="0.0309" energy1="169087.8309" energy2="183236.7918" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="0" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="7281.3507" aki="0.1830" energy1="171134.8970" energy2="184864.8294" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="1P°" term2="1S" J1="1" J2="0" />
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|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="10829.0911" aki="0.1022" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="169087.8309" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
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<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="10830.2501" aki="0.1021" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="169086.8430" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
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<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="10830.3398" aki="0.1021" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="169086.7666" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
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<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="20581.287" aki="0.0197" energy1="166277.4403" energy2="171134.8970" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<mass>4.002602</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="P. J. Janssen. J. N. Lockyer">1895</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>21</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>0.95</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4.216</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>0.1785</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>24.587 </energy>
|
|
<energy>54.417</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>32</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>31</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>140</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>300</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>1s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>0</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" halflife="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-2.127624" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="3.01603" neutron="1" percentage="0.000138" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="4.0026" neutron="2" percentage="99.999862" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Noblegas</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>3</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'lithos' means 'stone'">Lithium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Li</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>6.941</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="15" wavelength="4602.831" aki="0.223" energy1="14903.622" energy2="36623.297" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="4602.898" aki="0.223" energy1="14903.957" energy2="36623.312" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="6103.542" aki="0.686" energy1="14903.622" energy2="31283.018" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="6103.654" aki="0.686" energy1="14903.957" energy2="31283.053" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="6707.775" aki="0.369" energy1="0.000" energy2="14903.957" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="6707.926" aki="0.369" energy1="0.000" energy2="14903.622" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="8126.232" aki="0.349" energy1="14903.622" energy2="27206.066" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="8126.453" aki="0.349" energy1="14903.957" energy2="27206.066" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="10" wavelength="26877.67" aki="0.038" energy1="27206.066" energy2="30925.613" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="5" wavelength="26878.36" aki="0.038" energy1="27206.066" energy2="30925.517" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<date scientist="A. Arfvedson">1817</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-60</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.98</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>453.7</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1615</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>0.53</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.392 </energy>
|
|
<energy>75.980</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>134</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>145</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>182</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>303.9</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+1">74</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="+0.822056" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="6.015121" neutron="3" percentage="7.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+3.25644" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="7.016003" neutron="4" percentage="92.5" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkali_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
<abundance>18</abundance>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>4</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'beryllos' for 'light-green stone'">Beryllium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Be</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>9.012182</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<aggregation>0 </aggregation>
|
|
<date scientist="">1798</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>19</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.57</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1560</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3243</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.85</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.322 </energy>
|
|
<energy>18.211</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>90</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>105</atomic>
|
|
<bondxx>222.6</bondxx>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">35</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.862" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="4611168" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="7.0169" neutron="3" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-1.1776" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="9.012182" neutron="5" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.555" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="1600000" halflifeformat="years" weight="10.01354" neutron="6" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
<abundance>2</abundance>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="1661.478" aki="0.0726" energy1="0.000" energy2="60187.34" electronconfig1="2s2" electronconfig2="2s3p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2348.610" aki="5.53" energy1="0.000" energy2="42565.35" electronconfig1="2s2" electronconfig2="2s2p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2494.728" aki="1.6" energy1="21981.27" energy2="62053.72" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="1.2.3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2650.454" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.925" energy2="59697.08" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2650.550" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.28" energy2="59695.07" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200*" wavelength="2650.613" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.925" energy2="59695.07" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200*" wavelength="2650.619" aki="4.24*" energy1="21981.27" energy2="59697.08" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2650.694" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.925" energy2="59693.65" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2650.760" aki="4.24*" energy1="21981.27" energy2="59695.07" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="12" wavelength="4572.664" aki="0.79" energy1="42565.35" energy2="64428.31" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2s3d" term1="1P°" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>5</number>
|
|
<name origin="Boron means 'Bor(ax) + (carb)on'. It is found in borax and behaves a lot like carbon">Boron</name>
|
|
<symbol>B</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>10.811</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac. Louis Jacques Thenard">1808 </date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-27</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.04</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2365</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4275</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.46</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.298 </energy>
|
|
<energy>25.154</energy>
|
|
<energy>37.9</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1825.894" aki="1.70" energy1="0.000" energy2="54767.698" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1826.400" aki="2.04" energy1="15.287" energy2="54767.844" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2088.889" aki="0.361" energy1="0.000" energy2="47857.127" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s2p2" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2089.570" aki="0.432" energy1="15.287" energy2="47856.807" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s2p2" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2496.769" aki="0.837" energy1="0.000" energy2="40039.695" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="2497.722" aki="1.67" energy1="15.287" energy2="40039.695" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>82</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>85</atomic>
|
|
<bondxx>158.9</bondxx>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">23</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>9</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3+" magmoment="+1.80065" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="10.0129" neutron="5" percentage="19.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.688637" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="11.009305" neutron="6" percentage="80.1" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>6</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'carboneum' for carbon">Carbon</name>
|
|
<symbol>C</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>12.0107</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1277.2452" aki="1.27" energy1="0.00000" energy2="78293.50" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1277.2824" aki="1.73" energy1="16.41671" energy2="78307.62" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1277.5131" aki="0.912" energy1="16.41671" energy2="78293.50" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1277.5497" aki="2.31" energy1="43.41350" energy2="78318.23" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1280.3330" aki="0.577" energy1="43.41350" energy2="78148.09" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1560.682" aki="0.908" energy1="16.41671" energy2="64090.97" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s2p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1560.709" aki="0.505" energy1="16.41671" energy2="64089.86" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s2p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="1561.438" aki="1.21" energy1="43.41350" energy2="64086.95" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s2p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1656.267" aki="0.858" energy1="16.41671" energy2="60393.15" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1656.928" aki="1.13" energy1="0.00000" energy2="60352.64" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1657.008" aki="2.52" energy1="43.41350" energy2="60393.15" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1657.379" aki="0.864" energy1="16.41671" energy2="60352.64" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1657.907" aki="3.43" energy1="16.41671" energy2="60333.43" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1658.121" aki="1.44" energy1="43.41350" energy2="60352.64" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1751.827" aki="0.907" energy1="21648.02" energy2="78731.28" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1930.906" aki="3.51" energy1="10192.66" energy2="61981.82" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="1D" term2="1P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2478.561" aki="0.340" energy1="21648.02" energy2="61981.82" electronconfig1="2s22p2" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3s" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="8335.15" aki="0.351" energy1="61981.82" energy2="73975.91" electronconfig1="2s22p(2P°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3p" term1="1P°" term2="1S" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="9405.73" aki="0.291" energy1="61981.82" energy2="72610.73" electronconfig1="2s22p(2P°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3p" term1="1P°" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="140" wavelength="11753.32" aki="0.263" energy1="69744.03" energy2="78249.93" electronconfig1="2s22p(2P°)3p" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="101" wavelength="11754.76" aki="0.240" energy1="69710.67" energy2="78215.50" electronconfig1="2s22p(2P°)3p" electronconfig2="2s22p(2P°)3d" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-122</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.55</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>3825</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5100</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>3.51</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>11.260 </energy>
|
|
<energy>24.376</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>77.2</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>70</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>170</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>142.6</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">16</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>180</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-4.+2.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="100.0" betaplusdecay="0.96" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="1223" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="11.01143" neutron="5" pecentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="12" neutron="6" percentage="98.89" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" halflife="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.702411" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="13.003355" neutron="7" percentage="1.11" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.15648" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="5730" halflifeformat="years" weight="14.00324" neutron="8" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>7</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'nitrogenium' ('forms saltpeter')">Nitrogen</name>
|
|
<symbol>N</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>14.0067</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1199.550" aki="4.07" energy1="0.000" energy2="83364.620" electronconfig1="2s22p3" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="1200.223" aki="4.02" energy1="0.000" energy2="83317.830" electronconfig1="2s22p3" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1200.710" aki="4.00" energy1="0.000" energy2="83284.070" electronconfig1="2s22p3" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="1243.179" aki="3.21" energy1="19224.464" energy2="99663.427" electronconfig1="2s22p3" electronconfig2="2s22p2(1D)3s" term1="2D°" term2="2D" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="1492.625" aki="3.13" energy1="19224.464" energy2="86220.510" electronconfig1="2s22p3" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1742.729" aki="1.16" energy1="28839.306" energy2="86220.510" electronconfig1="2s22p3" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="7442.29" aki="0.124" energy1="83317.830" energy2="96750.840" electronconfig1="2s22p2(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4S°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="7468.31" aki="0.193" energy1="83364.620" energy2="96750.840" electronconfig1="2s22p2(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4S°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="8680.28" aki="0.246" energy1="83364.620" energy2="94881.820" electronconfig1="2s22p2(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="8683.40" aki="0.180" energy1="83317.830" energy2="94830.890" electronconfig1="2s22p2(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="12469.62" aki="0.228" energy1="96864.050" energy2="104881.350" electronconfig1="2s22p2(3P)3p" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3d" term1="2D°" term2="2F" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="13581.33" aki="0.0639" energy1="86220.510" energy2="93581.550" electronconfig1="2s22p2(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p2(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2S°" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<date scientist="D. Rutherford">1772</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>7</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>3.04</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>63.15</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>77.344</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.17</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>14.534 </energy>
|
|
<energy>29.602</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>75</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>65</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>155</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+5">13</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">16</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">16</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>109.76</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>19</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p3</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-3.(+1.+2.+3.+4.+5)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="+0.403761" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="14.0031" neutron="7" percentage="99.64" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.283189" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="15.0001" neutron="8" percentage="0.36" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>8</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'oxygenium' (forms acids)">Oxygen</name>
|
|
<symbol>O</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>15.9994</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1302.168" aki="3.15" energy1="0.000" energy2="76794.978" electronconfig1="2s22p4" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="1304.858" aki="1.87" energy1="158.265" energy2="76794.978" electronconfig1="2s22p4" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1306.029" aki="0.623" energy1="226.977" energy2="76794.978" electronconfig1="2s22p4" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="7771.94" aki="0.369" energy1="73768.200" energy2="86631.454" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="7774.17" aki="0.369" energy1="73768.200" energy2="86627.778" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="7775.39" aki="0.369" energy1="73768.200" energy2="86625.757" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="8446.25" aki="0.322" energy1="76794.978" energy2="88631.303" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="8446.36" aki="0.322" energy1="76794.978" energy2="88631.146" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="8446.76" aki="0.322" energy1="76794.978" energy2="88630.587" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="9266.01" aki="0.445" energy1="86631.454" energy2="97420.630" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3p" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)3d" term1="5P" term2="5D°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="13163.89" aki="0.0714" energy1="88630.587" energy2="96225.049" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3p" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="13164.85" aki="0.119" energy1="88631.146" energy2="96225.049" electronconfig1="2s22p3(4S°)3p" electronconfig2="2s22p3(4S°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<date scientist="J. Priestley">1774</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-141</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>3.44</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>54.8</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>90.188</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.33</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>13.618 </energy>
|
|
<energy>35.116</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>73</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>60</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>152</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="-2">146</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>120.741</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>455000</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p4</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-2.(-1.+2)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="15.9949" neutron="8" percentage="99.756" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-1.89379" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="16.9991" neutron="9" percentage="0.039" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="17.9992" neutron="10" percentage="0.205" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>sc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>9</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'fluere' ('floats')">Fluorine</name>
|
|
<symbol>F</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>18.9984032</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="951.870" aki="2.55" energy1="0.000" energy2="105056.283" electronconfig1="2s22p5" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="954.826" aki="6.32" energy1="0.000" energy2="104731.048" electronconfig1="2s22p5" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="955.546" aki="5.05" energy1="404.141" energy2="105056.283" electronconfig1="2s22p5" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="958.525" aki="1.25" energy1="404.141" energy2="104731.048" electronconfig1="2s22p5" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="6239.651" aki="0.25" energy1="102405.714" energy2="118427.814" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4S°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6348.508" aki="0.18" energy1="102680.439" energy2="118427.814" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4S°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="6856.030" aki="0.494" energy1="102405.714" energy2="116987.391" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="6902.475" aki="0.32" energy1="102680.439" energy2="117164.002" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="7037.469" aki="0.30" energy1="104731.048" energy2="118936.791" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2P°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="7127.890" aki="0.38" energy1="105056.283" energy2="119081.814" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="7202.360" aki="0.072" energy1="105056.283" energy2="118936.791" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="7311.019" aki="0.39" energy1="104731.048" energy2="118405.256" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2S°" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="7398.688" aki="0.285" energy1="102405.714" energy2="115917.904" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="4P" term2="4P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="7754.696" aki="0.382" energy1="104731.048" energy2="117622.917" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2D°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="7800.212" aki="0.21" energy1="105056.283" energy2="117872.917" electronconfig1="2s22p4(3P)3s" electronconfig2="2s22p4(3P)3p" term1="2P" term2="2D°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<date scientist="H. F. Moissan">1886</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-328</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>3.98</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>53.55</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>85.0</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.58</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>17.422 </energy>
|
|
<energy>34.969</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>70.9</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>50</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>147</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>141.8</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="-1">131</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>544</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p5</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-1</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="97.0" betaplusdecay="0.64" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="3.0" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="" halflife="6582" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="18.000937" neutron="9" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+2.628866" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="18.998404" neutron="10" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Halogene</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>10</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'neo'. meaning 'new'">Neon</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ne</symbol>
|
|
<period>2</period>
|
|
<mass>20.1797</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="170" wavelength="615.6283" aki="0.380" energy1="0.00" energy2="162435.6780" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3d" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="170" wavelength="618.6716" aki="0.929" energy1="0.00" energy2="161636.6175" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3d" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="619.1023" aki="0.330" energy1="0.00" energy2="161524.1739" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3d" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="626.8232" aki="0.741" energy1="0.00" energy2="159534.6196" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)4s" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="629.7388" aki="0.480" energy1="0.00" energy2="158795.9924" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)4s" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="735.8962" aki="3.16" energy1="0.00" energy2="135888.7173" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="743.7195" aki="0.486" energy1="0.00" energy2="134459.2871" electronconfig1="2p6" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="3520.4711" aki="0.093" energy1="135888.7173" energy2="164285.8872" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)4p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5400.5618" aki="0.0090" energy1="134459.2871" energy2="152970.7328" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5852.4879" aki="0.682" energy1="135888.7173" energy2="152970.7328" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6029.9969" aki="0.0561" energy1="134459.2871" energy2="151038.4524" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6074.3377" aki="0.603" energy1="134459.2871" energy2="150917.4307" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6143.0626" aki="0.282" energy1="134041.8400" energy2="150315.8612" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6163.5939" aki="0.146" energy1="134818.6405" energy2="151038.4524" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6217.2812" aki="0.0637" energy1="134041.8400" energy2="150121.5922" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6266.4950" aki="0.249" energy1="134818.6405" energy2="150772.1118" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6382.9917" aki="0.321" energy1="134459.2871" energy2="150121.5922" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="6402.248" aki="0.514" energy1="134041.8400" energy2="149657.0393" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="6506.5281" aki="0.300" energy1="134459.2871" energy2="149824.2215" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6598.9529" aki="0.232" energy1="135888.7173" energy2="151038.4524" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="6929.4673" aki="0.174" energy1="135888.7173" energy2="150315.8612" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="7032.4131" aki="0.253" energy1="134041.8400" energy2="148257.7898" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="7173.9381" aki="0.0287" energy1="135888.7173" energy2="149824.2215" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="7245.1666" aki="0.0935" energy1="134459.2871" energy2="148257.7898" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3s" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="8377.6080" aki="0.51" energy1="149657.0393" energy2="161590.3412" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°3/2)3p" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°3/2)3d" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="8654.3831" aki="0.445" energy1="150858.5079" energy2="162410.1736" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3d" term1="2[3/2]" term2="2[5/2]°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="8783.7533" aki="0.313" energy1="151038.4524" energy2="162419.9818" electronconfig1="2p5(2P°1/2)3p" electronconfig2="2p5(2P°1/2)3d" term1="2[1/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Ramsay. M.W. Travers">1898 </date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>29</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>24.55</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>27.10</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>0.8999</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>21.564 </energy>
|
|
<energy>40.962</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>69</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>38</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>154</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>313</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>0</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="19.9924" neutron="10" percentage="90.48" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2" magmoment="-0.661796" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="20.9938" neutron="11" percentage="0.27" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="21.9914" neutron="12" percentage="9.215" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Noblegas</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>11</number>
|
|
<name origin="Arabic 'natrun' for 'soda'">Sodium</name>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="5" wavelength="2852.81" aki="0.00554" energy1="0.000" energy2="35042.85" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="2" wavelength="2853.01" aki="0.00554" energy1="0.000" energy2="35040.38" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="15" wavelength="3302.37" aki="0.0281" energy1="0.000" energy2="30272.58" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="8" wavelength="3302.98" aki="0.0281" energy1="0.000" energy2="30266.99" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="5889.950" aki="0.616" energy1="0.000" energy2="16973.368" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="5895.924" aki="0.614" energy1="0.000" energy2="16956.172" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="8183.256" aki="0.453" energy1="16956.172" energy2="29172.889" electronconfig1="3p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="10" wavelength="8194.790" aki="0.090" energy1="16973.368" energy2="29172.889" electronconfig1="3p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="8194.824" aki="0.54" energy1="16973.368" energy2="29172.839" electronconfig1="3p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="5" wavelength="11381.45" aki="0.090" energy1="16956.172" energy2="25739.991" electronconfig1="3p" electronconfig2="4s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="12" wavelength="11403.78" aki="0.176" energy1="16973.368" energy2="25739.991" electronconfig1="3p" electronconfig2="4s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="5" wavelength="18465.25" aki="0.140" energy1="29172.839" energy2="34586.92" electronconfig1="3d" electronconfig2="4f" term1="2D" term2="2F°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<symbol>Na</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>22.989770</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">1807</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-53</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.93</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>371.0</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1156</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>0.97</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.139 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>153.7</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>227</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+1">102</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>371.7</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>22700</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Alkali_Earth</family>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="100.0" betaplusdecay="2.842" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="3+" magmoment="+1.746" halflife="2.6" halflifeformat="years" weight="21.99440" neutron="11" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="-2.217520" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="22.98977" neutron="12" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="5.514" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="4+" magmoment="+1.6903" halflife="54000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="23.99097" neutron="13" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>12</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the city of Magnesia">Magnesium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Mg</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>24.3050</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="H. B. Davy">1808</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="2" wavelength="2025.824" aki="0.612" energy1="0.000" energy2="49346.729" electronconfig1="3s2" electronconfig2="3s4p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="15" wavelength="2779.820" aki="1.31" energy1="21870.464" energy2="57833.40" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="15" wavelength="2779.834" aki="3.92" energy1="21911.178" energy2="57873.94" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2852.1251" aki="5.00" energy1="0.000" energy2="35051.264" electronconfig1="3s2" electronconfig2="3s3p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="25" wavelength="3829.355" aki="0.940" energy1="21850.405" energy2="47957.058" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="3832.300" aki="1.27" energy1="21870.464" energy2="47957.027" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="3838.292" aki="1.68" energy1="21911.178" energy2="47957.045" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s3d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="12" wavelength="5167.322" aki="0.116" energy1="21850.405" energy2="41197.403" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s4s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="40" wavelength="5172.684" aki="0.346" energy1="21870.464" energy2="41197.403" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s4s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="70" wavelength="5183.604" aki="0.575" energy1="21911.178" energy2="41197.403" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s4s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="8" wavelength="11828.17" aki="0.26" energy1="35051.264" energy2="43503.333" electronconfig1="3s3p" electronconfig2="3s4s" term1="1P°" term2="1S" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="6" wavelength="15025.00" aki="0.139" energy1="41197.403" energy2="47851.162" electronconfig1="3s4s" electronconfig2="3s4p" term1="3S" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<electronaffinity>19</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.31</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>922</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1380</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.74</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.646</energy>
|
|
<energy>15.0</energy>
|
|
<energy>80.1</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>130</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>150</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>173</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>319.7</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">72</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>27640</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="23.985" neutron="12" percentage="78.99" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.85545" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="24.986" neutron="13" percentage="10" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="25.983" neutron="14" percentage="11.01" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>13</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'alumen'">Aluminum</name>
|
|
<symbol>Al</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>26.981538</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="H. Ch. Oersted">1825</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="40" wavelength="2269.096" aki="0.691" energy1="112.061" energy2="44168.847" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="2367.052" aki="0.628" energy1="0.000" energy2="42233.742" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="2373.124" aki="0.748" energy1="112.061" energy2="42237.783" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="2575.094" aki="0.226" energy1="112.061" energy2="38933.968" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="y2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3082.153" aki="0.622" energy1="0.000" energy2="32435.453" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3092.710" aki="0.738" energy1="112.061" energy2="32436.796" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3092.839" aki="0.123" energy1="112.061" energy2="32435.453" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3944.006" aki="0.498" energy1="0.000" energy2="25347.756" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3961.520" aki="0.982" energy1="112.061" energy2="25347.756" electronconfig1="3s2(1S)3p" electronconfig2="3s2(1S)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-43</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.61</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>933.5</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2740</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.70</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.986</energy>
|
|
<energy>18.8</energy>
|
|
<energy>28.4</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>118</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>125</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">53</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>286.3</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>83000</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="82" betaplusdecay="4.003" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="18" ecdecay="" spin="5+" magmoment="" halflife="740000" halflifeformat="years" weight="25.986892" neutron="13" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.641504" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="26.981538" neutron="14" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>14</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'silex'">Silicon</name>
|
|
<symbol>Si</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>28.0855</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="J. J. Berzelius">1823</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1850.6719" aki="3.14" energy1="223.157" energy2="54257.574" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1977.5978" aki="0.279" energy1="0.000" energy2="50566.414" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1979.2056" aki="0.870" energy1="77.112" energy2="50602.435" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1980.6185" aki="0.207" energy1="77.112" energy2="50566.414" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1983.2330" aki="0.218" energy1="77.112" energy2="50499.843" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1986.3640" aki="0.365" energy1="223.157" energy2="50566.414" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1988.9937" aki="0.657" energy1="223.157" energy2="50499.843" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p3d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2207.978" aki="0.262" energy1="0.000" energy2="45276.187" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s3p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2210.894" aki="0.345" energy1="77.112" energy2="45293.623" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s3p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2211.744" aki="0.181" energy1="77.112" energy2="45276.187" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s3p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2216.669" aki="0.454" energy1="223.157" energy2="45321.848" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s3p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2218.057" aki="0.109" energy1="223.157" energy2="45293.623" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s3p3" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2506.897" aki="0.547" energy1="77.112" energy2="39955.051" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2514.316" aki="0.740" energy1="0.000" energy2="39760.285" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2516.112" aki="1.68" energy1="223.157" energy2="39955.051" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2519.202" aki="0.549" energy1="77.112" energy2="39760.285" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2524.108" aki="2.22" energy1="77.112" energy2="39683.158" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2528.509" aki="0.904" energy1="223.157" energy2="39760.285" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2881.5771" aki="1.89" energy1="6298.847" energy2="40991.888" electronconfig1="3s23p2" electronconfig2="3s23p4s" term1="1D" term2="1P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="5948.545" aki="0.022" energy1="40991.888" energy2="57798.080" electronconfig1="3s23p4s" electronconfig2="3s23p5p" term1="1P°" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="7405.7740" aki="0.037" energy1="45276.187" energy2="58775.442" electronconfig1="3s3p3" electronconfig2="3s23p(2P°1/2)4f" term1="3D°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-134</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.91</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1683</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2630</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.33</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.151</energy>
|
|
<energy>16.3</energy>
|
|
<energy>33.4</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>111</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>110</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>210</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>235.2</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">40</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>272200</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.(-4.+2)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="27.977" neutron="14" percentage="92.28" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.55529" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="28.976" neutron="15" percentage="4.67" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="29.974" neutron="16" percentage="3.05" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>d</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>15</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'phosphoros' for 'carries light'">Phosphorus</name>
|
|
<symbol>P</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>30.973761</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="H. Brandt">1669</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1674.591" aki="0.773" energy1="0.00" energy2="59715.921" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s3p4" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1679.695" aki="0.845" energy1="0.00" energy2="59534.549" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s3p4" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1774.951" aki="2.38" energy1="0.00" energy2="56339.656" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1782.838" aki="2.38" energy1="0.00" energy2="56090.626" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="1787.656" aki="2.52" energy1="0.00" energy2="55939.421" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2135.465" aki="0.211" energy1="11361.02" energy2="58174.366" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2136.182" aki="2.83" energy1="11376.63" energy2="58174.366" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2149.145" aki="3.18" energy1="11361.02" energy2="57876.574" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="2152.940" aki="0.485" energy1="18722.71" energy2="65156.242" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(1D)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2154.080" aki="0.58" energy1="18748.01" energy2="65157.126" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(1D)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2533.987" aki="0.200" energy1="18722.71" energy2="58174.366" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2535.606" aki="0.95" energy1="18748.01" energy2="58174.366" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2553.253" aki="0.71" energy1="18722.71" energy2="57876.574" electronconfig1="3s23p3" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="9525.73" aki="0.18" energy1="56339.656" energy2="66834.648" electronconfig1="3s23p2(3P)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4p" term1="4P" term2="4S°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="9750.77" aki="0.24" energy1="56090.626" energy2="66343.438" electronconfig1="3s23p2(3P)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4p" term1="4P" term2="4P°" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="9796.85" aki="0.21" energy1="56339.656" energy2="66544.243" electronconfig1="3s23p2(3P)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p2(3P)4p" term1="4P" term2="4P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-72</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.19</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>317.3</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>553</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.82</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>10.486</energy>
|
|
<energy>19.8</energy>
|
|
<energy>30.2</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>106</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>100</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>180</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+5">35</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">44</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>221</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>1120</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-3.(+1.+3).+5</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+1.13160" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="30.97376" neutron="16" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.710" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="-0.2524" halflife="1231372" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="31.97391" neutron="17" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>sc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>16</number>
|
|
<name origin="In sankskrit 'sweb' means 'to sleep'">Sulfur</name>
|
|
<symbol>S</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>32.065</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1425.030" aki="2.92" energy1="0.000" energy2="70173.968" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="1433.280" aki="2.16" energy1="396.055" energy2="70166.195" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1433.310" aki="1.20" energy1="396.055" energy2="70164.650" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)3d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1473.995" aki="1.82" energy1="0.000" energy2="67842.867" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(2D°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="1666.688" aki="6.3" energy1="9238.609" energy2="69237.886" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(2D°)4s" term1="1D" term2="1D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1687.530" aki="0.94" energy1="22179.954" energy2="81438.30" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(2D°)3d" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1807.311" aki="3.08" energy1="0.000" energy2="55330.811" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="1820.343" aki="1.70" energy1="396.055" energy2="55330.811" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1826.245" aki="0.549" energy1="573.640" energy2="55330.811" electronconfig1="3s23p4" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="9212.865" aki="0.30" energy1="52623.640" energy2="63475.051" electronconfig1="3s23p3(4S°)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="9228.092" aki="0.28" energy1="52623.640" energy2="63457.142" electronconfig1="3s23p3(4S°)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="9237.538" aki="0.28" energy1="52623.640" energy2="63446.065" electronconfig1="3s23p3(4S°)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="10455.451" aki="0.22" energy1="55330.811" energy2="64892.582" electronconfig1="3s23p3(4S°)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="10456.757" aki="0.22" energy1="55330.811" energy2="64891.386" electronconfig1="3s23p3(4S°)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="10459.406" aki="0.22" energy1="55330.811" energy2="64888.964" electronconfig1="3s23p3(4S°)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p3(4S°)4p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-200</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.58</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>392.2</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>717.82</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.06</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>10.360</energy>
|
|
<energy>23.3</energy>
|
|
<energy>34.8</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>102</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>100</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>180</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="-2">184</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>205</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>340</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-2.+2.+4.+6</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="31.972" neutron="16" percentage="95.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.643821" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="32.971:" neutron="17" percentage="0.74" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="33.968" neutron="18" percentage="4.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.1674" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+1" halflife="7525440" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="34.96903" neutron="19" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="35.967" neutron="20" percentage="0.016" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>or</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>17</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'chloros' for 'yellow-green'">Chlorine</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cl</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1335.726" aki="2.24" energy1="0.00" energy2="74865.667" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1347.240" aki="5.62" energy1="0.00" energy2="74225.846" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1351.657" aki="4.24" energy1="882.35" energy2="74865.667" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1363.447" aki="0.99" energy1="882.35" energy2="74225.846" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1379.528" aki="0.096" energy1="0.00" energy2="72488.568" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1389.693" aki="0.0030" energy1="0.00" energy2="71958.363" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1389.957" aki="0.023" energy1="882.35" energy2="72827.038" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="4P" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1396.527" aki="0.011" energy1="882.35" energy2="72488.568" electronconfig1="3s23p5" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4s" term1="2P°" term2="4P" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="7547.072" aki="0.12" energy1="72488.568" energy2="85735.091" electronconfig1="3s23p4(3P)4s" electronconfig2="3s23p4(3P)4p" term1="4P" term2="4S°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="7744.970" aki="0.063" energy1="72827.038" energy2="1/2" electronconfig1="3s23p4(3P)4s" electronconfig2="" term1="4P" term2="85735.091" J1="" J2="" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<mass>35.453</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1774</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-349</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>3.16</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>172.17</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>239.18</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.95</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>12.967</energy>
|
|
<energy>23.8</energy>
|
|
<energy>39.6</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>99.4</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>100</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>175</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>189.1</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="-1">181</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>126</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-1.(+1.+3.+5.+7)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.82187" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="34.968853" neutron="18" percentage="75.77" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.68412" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="36.966" neutron="20" percentage="24.23" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Halogene</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>tet</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>18</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'aergon' for 'inactive'">Argon</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ar</symbol>
|
|
<period>3</period>
|
|
<mass>39.948</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="180" wavelength="866.79997" aki="3.14" energy1="0.000" energy2="115366.871" electronconfig1="3p6" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)3d" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="869.75411" aki="0.35" energy1="0.000" energy2="114975.024" electronconfig1="3p6" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)5s" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="180" wavelength="876.05767" aki="2.69" energy1="0.000" energy2="114147.737" electronconfig1="3p6" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)3d" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="180" wavelength="879.94656" aki="0.77" energy1="0.000" energy2="113643.265" electronconfig1="3p6" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)5s" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="894.31013" aki="0.000" energy1="3p6" energy2="3p5(2P°3/2)3d" electronconfig1="1S" electronconfig2="2[1/2]°" term1="0" term2="" J1="111818.033" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1048.21987" aki="5.32" energy1="0.000" energy2="95399.8329" electronconfig1="3p6" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)4s" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1066.65980" aki="1.32" energy1="0.000" energy2="93750.6031" electronconfig1="3p6" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="6965.431" aki="0.067" energy1="93143.7653" energy2="107496.4219" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="7067.218" aki="0.0395" energy1="93143.7653" energy2="107289.7054" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="7503.869" aki="0.472" energy1="95399.8329" energy2="108722.6247" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°1/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)4p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="7635.106" aki="0.274" energy1="93143.7653" energy2="106237.5571" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="7948.176" aki="0.196" energy1="94553.6705" energy2="107131.7139" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°1/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°1/2)4p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="8006.157" aki="0.0490" energy1="93750.6031" energy2="106237.5571" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="8014.786" aki="0.0928" energy1="93143.7653" energy2="105617.2753" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="8103.693" aki="0.25" energy1="93750.6031" energy2="106087.2651" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8115.311" aki="0.331" energy1="93143.7653" energy2="105462.7649" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="9122.967" aki="0.189" energy1="93143.7653" energy2="104102.1043" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="9657.786" aki="0.0543" energy1="93750.6031" energy2="104102.1043" electronconfig1="3p5(2P°3/2)4s" electronconfig2="3p5(2P°3/2)4p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Ramsay. J. Rayleigh">1894</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>29</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>83.95</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>87.45</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.66</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>15.759</energy>
|
|
<energy>27.6</energy>
|
|
<energy>40.7</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>97</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>71</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>188</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>372</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>0</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="35.968" neutron="18" percentage="0.337" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="37.963" neutron="20" percentage="0.063" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="39.962" neutron="22" percentage="99.600" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Noblegas</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>tet</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>19</number>
|
|
<name origin="Arabic 'al qaliy' for potash">Potassium</name>
|
|
<symbol>K</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4044.14" aki="0.0116" energy1="0.000" energy2="24720.139" electronconfig1="4s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4047.21" aki="0.0107" energy1="0.000" energy2="24701.382" electronconfig1="4s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="7664.8991" aki="0.379" energy1="0.000" energy2="13042.876" electronconfig1="4s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="7698.9645" aki="0.374" energy1="0.000" energy2="12985.170" electronconfig1="4s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="11690.21" aki="0.220" energy1="12985.170" energy2="21536.988" electronconfig1="4p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="11769.62" aki="0.0434" energy1="13042.876" energy2="21536.988" electronconfig1="4p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="11772.83" aki="0.259" energy1="13042.876" energy2="21534.680" electronconfig1="4p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<mass>39.0983</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="H. B. Davy">1807</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-48</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.82</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>336.8</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1033</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>0.86</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>4.341 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>196</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>220</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>275</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 4s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.391466" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="38.964" neutron="20" percentage="93.2581" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="89.33" betaminusdecay="1.32" ecpercentage="10.67" ecdecay="" spin="4-" magmoment="-1.298099" halflife="1277000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="39.964" neutron="21" percentage="0.0117" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.2148699" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="40.962" neutron="22" percentage="6.73" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkali_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>20</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'calx' for 'lime'">Calcium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ca</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>40.078</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="140" wavelength="2721.645" aki="0.0027" energy1="0.000" energy2="36731.615" electronconfig1="4s2" electronconfig2="4s5p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4226.727" aki="2.20" energy1="0.000" energy2="23652.304" electronconfig1="4s2" electronconfig2="4s4p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4425.441" aki="0.498" energy1="15157.901" energy2="37748.197" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s4d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4434.960" aki="0.67" energy1="15210.063" energy2="37751.867" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s4d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4435.688" aki="0.342" energy1="15210.063" energy2="37748.197" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s4d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4454.781" aki="0.87" energy1="15315.943" energy2="37757.449" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s4d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4455.887" aki="0.20" energy1="15315.943" energy2="37751.867" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s4d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="5588.757" aki="0.49" energy1="20371.000" energy2="38259.124" electronconfig1="3d4s" electronconfig2="3d4p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="6102.722" aki="0.096" energy1="15157.901" energy2="31539.495" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s5s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="6122.219" aki="0.287" energy1="15210.063" energy2="31539.495" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s5s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="6162.172" aki="0.354" energy1="15315.943" energy2="31539.495" electronconfig1="4s4p" electronconfig2="4s5s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="6439.073" aki="0.53" energy1="20371.000" energy2="35896.889" electronconfig1="3d4s" electronconfig2="3d4p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="6462.566" aki="0.47" energy1="20349.260" energy2="35818.713" electronconfig1="3d4s" electronconfig2="3d4p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="6493.780" aki="0.44" energy1="20335.360" energy2="35730.454" electronconfig1="3d4s" electronconfig2="3d4p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="H. B. Davy">1808</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>10</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.00</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1112</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1757</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.54</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.113</energy>
|
|
<energy>11.9</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>174</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="39.963" neutron="20" percentage="96.92" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="41.959" neutron="22" percentage="0.64" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+1.31725" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="42.959" neutron="23" percentage="0.13" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="43.955" neutron="24" percentage="2.13" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.257" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="14152320" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="44.956185" neutron="26" percentage="0.003" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="47.952" neutron="28" percentage="0.18" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>21</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named because it was found in Scandinavia">Scandium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Sc</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>44.955910</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3269.897" aki="3.13" energy1="0.00" energy2="30573.17" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2P°" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3273.628" aki="2.81" energy1="168.34" energy2="30706.66" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="3907.484" aki="1.66" energy1="0.00" energy2="25584.64" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2F°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3911.812" aki="1.79" energy1="168.34" energy2="25724.68" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2F°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3933.375" aki="0.162" energy1="168.34" energy2="25584.64" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2F°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3996.601" aki="0.165" energy1="0.00" energy2="25014.21" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="4020.387" aki="1.63" energy1="0.00" energy2="24866.17" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="4023.678" aki="1.65" energy1="168.34" energy2="25014.21" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(3D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="4054.544" aki="0.441" energy1="0.00" energy2="24656.72" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(1D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2P°" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="4082.387" aki="0.410" energy1="168.34" energy2="24656.88" electronconfig1="3d4s2" electronconfig2="3d4s(1D)4p" term1="2D" term2="2P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="L. Nilson">1879</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-18</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.36</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1814</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3109</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.99</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.54 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>144</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>160.6</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d1 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+4.756483" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="44.95591" neutron="24" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.367" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="4+" magmoment="" halflife="7241184" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="45.95517" neutron="25" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.601" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="289008" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="46.95241" neutron="26" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="4.0" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="6+" magmoment="" halflife="157320" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="48.04776" neutron="27" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>22</number>
|
|
<name origin="The Titans were giants in Greek mythology">Titanium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ti</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>47.867</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3635.462" aki="0.909" energy1="0.000" energy2="27498.983" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a3F" term2="y3G°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3642.674" aki="0.895" energy1="170.134" energy2="27614.678" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a3F" term2="y3G°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="3653.495" aki="0.869" energy1="386.875" energy2="27750.136" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a3F" term2="y3G°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3752.858" aki="0.581" energy1="386.875" energy2="27025.658" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(1D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a3F" term2="x3F°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3948.670" aki="0.560" energy1="0.000" energy2="25317.815" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a3F" term2="y3D°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3956.334" aki="0.346" energy1="170.134" energy2="25438.906" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a3F" term2="y3D°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3958.201" aki="0.488" energy1="386.875" energy2="25643.699" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a3F" term2="y3D°" J1="4" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3981.761" aki="0.442" energy1="0.000" energy2="25107.410" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a3F" term2="y3F°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3989.758" aki="0.448" energy1="170.134" energy2="25227.220" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a3F" term2="y3F°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3998.636" aki="0.481" energy1="386.875" energy2="25388.331" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a3F" term2="y3F°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4305.907" aki="6842.965" energy1="3d3(4F)4s" energy2="3d3(4F)4p" electronconfig1="a5F" electronconfig2="x5D°" term1="5" term2="4" J1="30060.338" J2="" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4981.730" aki="0.660" energy1="6842.965" energy2="26910.712" electronconfig1="3d3(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5G°" J1="5" J2="6" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4991.066" aki="0.584" energy1="6742.755" energy2="26772.969" electronconfig1="3d3(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5G°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="5007.206" aki="0.492" energy1="6598.764" energy2="26564.398" electronconfig1="3d3(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5G°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="5014.186" aki="0.0611" energy1="0.000" energy2="19937.852" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a3F" term2="z3D°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5064.651" aki="0.0437" energy1="386.875" energy2="20126.060" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a3F" term2="z3D°" J1="4" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5210.384" aki="0.0411" energy1="386.875" energy2="19573.973" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a3F" term2="z3F°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Gregor">1791</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-8</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.54</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1935</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3560</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>4.51</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.82 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>144.8</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d2 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="45.953" neutron="24" percentage="7.95" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="-0.78848" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="46.952" neutron="25" percentage="7.75" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="47.948" neutron="26" percentage="73.45" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-1.10417" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="48.948" neutron="27" percentage="5.51" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="49.945" neutron="28" percentage="5.34" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>23</number>
|
|
<name origin="'Vanadis' is another name for the Nordic goddess Freyja">Vanadium</name>
|
|
<symbol>V</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>50.9415</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3183.412" aki="2.4" energy1="137.382" energy2="31541.147" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="5/2" J2="4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3183.992" aki="2.5" energy1="323.457" energy2="31721.708" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="7/2" J2="4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3185.385" aki="2.8" energy1="552.961" energy2="31937.266" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="9/2" J2="4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3703.574" aki="0.92" energy1="2424.783" energy2="29418.073" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d3(4P)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="6P°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3855.845" aki="0.578" energy1="552.961" energy2="26480.291" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a4F" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="4D°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3902.256" aki="0.268" energy1="552.961" energy2="26171.916" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a4F" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="4F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4111.780" aki="1.01" energy1="2424.783" energy2="26738.318" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="6D°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4115.180" aki="0.58" energy1="2311.355" energy2="26604.796" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="7/2" J2="6D°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="4128.064" aki="0.77" energy1="2220.106" energy2="26437.640" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="5/2" J2="6D°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="4131.989" aki="0.55" energy1="2311.355" energy2="26505.932" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="7/2" J2="6D°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4379.230" aki="1.1" energy1="2424.783" energy2="25253.432" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="6F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4384.710" aki="1.1" energy1="2311.355" energy2="25111.467" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="7/2" J2="6F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4389.980" aki="0.69" energy1="2220.106" energy2="24992.884" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="5/2" J2="6F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4395.223" aki="0.55" energy1="2153.207" energy2="24898.771" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="3/2" J2="6F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4408.195" aki="0.60" energy1="2220.106" energy2="24898.771" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="5/2" J2="6F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4408.501" aki="2153.207" energy1="3d4(5D)4s" energy2="3d4(5D)4p" electronconfig1="a6D" electronconfig2="y" term1="3/2" term2="6F°" J1="24830.228" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="6090.208" aki="0.26" energy1="8715.761" energy2="25131.005" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a4D" term2="z" J1="7/2" J2="4P°" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="N. Sefström">1830</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-51</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.63</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2163</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3650</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.09</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.74 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>125</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d3 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+5.(+2.+3.+4)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="17.0" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="83" ecdecay="" spin="6+" magmoment="+3.34745" halflife="140000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="49.93643" neutron="27" percentage="0.25" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+5.1574" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="50.94396" neutron="28" percentage="99.750" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>24</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'chroma' means 'color'">Chromium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cr</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>51.9961</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3578.682" aki="1.48" energy1="0.00" energy2="27935.26" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a7S" term2="y7P°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3593.481" aki="1.50" energy1="0.00" energy2="27820.23" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a7S" term2="y7P°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3605.320" aki="1.62" energy1="0.00" energy2="27728.87" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a7S" term2="y7P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4254.331" aki="0.315" energy1="0.00" energy2="23498.84" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4274.806" aki="0.307" energy1="0.00" energy2="23386.35" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4289.733" aki="0.316" energy1="0.00" energy2="23305.01" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5204.505" aki="0.509" energy1="7593.16" energy2="26801.93" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="5206.021" aki="0.514" energy1="7593.16" energy2="26796.28" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="5208.415" aki="0.506" energy1="7593.16" energy2="26787.50" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="L. N. Vauquelin">1797</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-64</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.66</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2130</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2945</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.14</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.766</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>124.9</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d5 4s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3.(+1.+4.+5).+6</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="49.946" neutron="26" percentage="4.35" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="51.94" neutron="28" percentage="83.79" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.47454" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="52.941" neutron="29" percentage="9.50" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="53.939" neutron="30" percentage="2.36" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>25</number>
|
|
<name origin="It was discovered near a town named Magnesia in a black earth. Thus. it was named 'magnesia nigra'. short: Manganese">Manganese</name>
|
|
<symbol>Mn</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>54.938049</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1996.056" aki="0.77" energy1="0.00" energy2="50099.03" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(4P)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6S" term2="v6P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1999.511" aki="0.76" energy1="0.00" energy2="50012.50" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(4P)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6S" term2="v6P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2003.849" aki="0.76" energy1="0.00" energy2="49888.01" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(4P)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6S" term2="v6P°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2794.817" aki="3.7" energy1="0.00" energy2="35769.97" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a6S" term2="y6P°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2798.270" aki="3.6" energy1="0.00" energy2="35725.85" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a6S" term2="y6P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="140" wavelength="2801.084" aki="3.7" energy1="0.00" energy2="35689.98" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a6S" term2="y6P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="3806.715" aki="0.59" energy1="17052.29" energy2="43314.23" electronconfig1="3d6(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="z6F°" J1="9/2" J2="11/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4030.755" aki="0.17" energy1="0.00" energy2="24802.25" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6S" term2="z6P°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4033.068" aki="0.165" energy1="0.00" energy2="24788.05" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6S" term2="z6P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4034.485" aki="0.158" energy1="0.00" energy2="24779.32" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a6S" term2="z6P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="4041.357" aki="0.787" energy1="17052.29" energy2="41789.48" electronconfig1="3d6(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4p" term1="a6D" term2="z6D°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1774</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.55</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1518</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2235</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.44</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.435</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>139</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d5 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+4.(+5).+6.+7</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="1.377" spin="3+" magmoment="+3.2818" halflife="26967168" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="53.94036" neutron="29" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+3.4687" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="54.93805" neutron="30" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>26</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'ferrum'">Iron</name>
|
|
<symbol>Fe</symbol>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2483.2708" aki="4.81" energy1="0.000" energy2="40257.311" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(1P)" term1="a5D" term2="x5F°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2488.1426" aki="4.20" energy1="415.933" energy2="40594.429" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(1P)" term1="a5D" term2="x5F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2490.6443" aki="3.45" energy1="704.007" energy2="40842.151" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(1P)" term1="a5D" term2="x5F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2522.8494" aki="2.13" energy1="0.000" energy2="39625.801" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(1P)" term1="a5D" term2="x5D°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2719.0273" aki="1.42" energy1="0.000" energy2="36766.964" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(1P)" term1="a5D" term2="y5P°" J1="4" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2788.1047" aki="0.59" energy1="6928.268" energy2="42784.349" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d6(3H)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5F" term2="y5G°" J1="5" J2="6" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3440.6060" aki="0.171" energy1="0.000" energy2="29056.322" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5P°" J1="4" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3581.1931" aki="1.02" energy1="6928.268" energy2="34843.955" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="z5G°" J1="5" J2="6" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3719.9348" aki="0.162" energy1="0.000" energy2="26874.548" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5F°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3734.8638" aki="0.902" energy1="6928.268" energy2="33695.395" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5F°" J1="5" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3737.1316" aki="0.141" energy1="415.933" energy2="27166.818" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3745.5613" aki="0.115" energy1="704.007" energy2="27394.689" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3748.2622" aki="0.0914" energy1="888.132" energy2="27559.581" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5F°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3749.4854" aki="0.764" energy1="7376.764" energy2="34039.514" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5F°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3758.2329" aki="0.634" energy1="7728.059" energy2="34328.750" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5F°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3820.4253" aki="0.668" energy1="6928.268" energy2="33095.939" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5D°" J1="5" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3859.9114" aki="0.0969" energy1="0.000" energy2="25899.987" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5D°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3886.2822" aki="0.0530" energy1="415.933" energy2="26140.177" electronconfig1="3d64s2" electronconfig2="3d6(5D)4s4p(3P)" term1="a5D" term2="z5D°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4045.8125" aki="0.863" energy1="11976.238" energy2="36686.174" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a3F" term2="y3F°" J1="4" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="4383.5449" aki="0.500" energy1="11976.238" energy2="34782.419" electronconfig1="3d7(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4p" term1="a3F" term2="z5G°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>55.845</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-16</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.83</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1808</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3023</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.874</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.870 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>124.1</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d6 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="53.94" neutron="28" percentage="5.81" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="55.935" neutron="30" percentage="91.64" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.09044" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="56.935" neutron="31" percentage="2.21" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="57.933" neutron="32" percentage="0.34" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>27</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the German word 'Kobold' for 'goblin'">Cobalt</name>
|
|
<symbol>Co</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>58.933200</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2407.256" aki="3.6" energy1="0.000" energy2="41528.455" electronconfig1="3d74s2" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="9/2" J2="4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2411.624" aki="3.5" energy1="816.000" energy2="42269.229" electronconfig1="3d74s2" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="7/2" J2="4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2424.935" aki="3.2" energy1="0.000" energy2="41225.710" electronconfig1="3d74s2" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x4F°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2521.365" aki="3.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="39649.124" electronconfig1="3d74s2" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="a4F" term2="x4D°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3405.118" aki="1.0" energy1="482.780" energy2="32841.916" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="b4F" term2="y4F°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3443.645" aki="0.69" energy1="142.631" energy2="33173.313" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="b4F" term2="y4F°" J1="7/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3453.510" aki="1.1" energy1="3482.780" energy2="32430.535" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="b4F" term2="y4G°" J1="9/2" J2="11/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3473.974" aki="0.0299" energy1="0.000" energy2="28777.236" electronconfig1="3d74s2" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a4F" term2="z4F°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3474.042" aki="0.56" energy1="690.141" energy2="33466.823" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="b4F" term2="y4G°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3502.280" aki="0.80" energy1="482.780" energy2="32027.440" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="b4F" term2="y4D°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3526.850" aki="0.137" energy1="0.000" energy2="28345.814" electronconfig1="3d74s2" electronconfig2="3d7(4F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="a4F" term2="z4F°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3529.808" aki="0.46" energy1="142.631" energy2="32464.688" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="b4F" term2="y4G°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3569.376" aki="1.6" energy1="442.399" energy2="35450.505" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4p" term1="a2F" term2="y2F°" J1="7/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="G. Brandt">1737</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-64</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.88</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1768</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3143</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.89</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.86 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>125.3</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d7 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3.(+4)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="100.0" betaplusdecay="4.566" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="4+" magmoment="" halflife="6663168" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="55.93984" neutron="29" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.836" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="23483520" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="56.93629" neutron="30" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="100.0" betaplusdecay="2.3" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="2+" magmoment="" halflife="6118848" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="57.93576" neutron="31" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+4.627" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="58.93320" neutron="32" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.824" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5+" magmoment="+3.799" halflife="5.2714" halflifeformat="years" weight="59.93382" neutron="33" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>28</number>
|
|
<name origin="'Nickel' was the name of a mountain goblin">Nickel</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ni</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>58.6934</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2320.034" aki="6.94" energy1="0.000" energy2="43089.578" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s2" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(1P°)" term1="3F" term2="3G°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="2345.543" aki="2.23" energy1="0.000" energy2="42620.994" electronconfig1="3d8(3F)4s2" electronconfig2="3d8(1D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="3F" term2="3D°" J1="4" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3002.485" aki="0.903" energy1="204.787" energy2="33500.822" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3012.001" aki="1.3" energy1="3409.937" energy2="36600.791" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="1D" term2="1D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3050.816" aki="0.604" energy1="204.787" energy2="32973.376" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3101.557" aki="0.699" energy1="879.816" energy2="33112.334" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3134.104" aki="0.749" energy1="1713.087" energy2="33610.890" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3414.764" aki="0.615" energy1="204.787" energy2="29480.989" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3446.259" aki="0.455" energy1="879.816" energy2="29888.477" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3458.460" aki="0.667" energy1="1713.087" energy2="30619.414" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3461.652" aki="0.278" energy1="204.787" energy2="29084.456" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d8(3F)4s4p(3P°)" term1="3D" term2="5F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3492.956" aki="1.02" energy1="879.816" energy2="29500.674" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="3D" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3515.052" aki="0.474" energy1="879.816" energy2="29320.762" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3524.536" aki="1.09" energy1="204.787" energy2="28569.203" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="3D" term2="3P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3566.372" aki="0.56" energy1="3409.937" energy2="31441.635" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="1D" term2="1D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3619.391" aki="0.66" energy1="3409.937" energy2="31031.020" electronconfig1="3d9(2D)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4p" term1="1D" term2="1F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="A. F. Cronstedt">1751</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-112</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.91</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1726</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3005</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.91</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.635 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>124.6</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>163</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d8 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>0.(+2).+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="57.935" neutron="30" percentage="67.8" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="1.072" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="75000" halflifeformat="years" weight="58.93435" neutron="31" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="59.931" neutron="32" percentage="26.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.75002" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="60.931" neutron="33" percentage="1.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="61.928" neutron="34" percentage="3.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.065" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="" halflife="100.1" halflifeformat="years" weight="62.92967" neutron="35" percentage="1.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="63.928" neutron="36" percentage="1.1" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>29</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'cuprum' for Cypres">Copper</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cu</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>63.546</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="2165.09" aki="0.547" energy1="0.000" energy2="46172.842" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="2178.94" aki="0.913" energy1="0.000" energy2="45879.311" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="2181.72" aki="0.994" energy1="0.000" energy2="45821.00" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2225.70" aki="0.444" energy1="0.000" energy2="44915.61" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4D°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2230.08" aki="11202.565" energy1="3d94s2" energy2="3d9(2D)4s4p(1P°)" electronconfig1="2D" electronconfig2="2F°" term1="5/2" term2="" J1="56029.95" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2244.26" aki="0.0185" energy1="0.000" energy2="44544.153" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4D°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2441.64" aki="0.0201" energy1="0.000" energy2="40943.73" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2492.15" aki="0.0279" energy1="0.000" energy2="40113.99" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3247.54" aki="1.37" energy1="0.000" energy2="30783.686" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3273.96" aki="1.36" energy1="0.000" energy2="30535.302" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="5105.54" aki="0.020" energy1="11202.565" energy2="30783.686" electronconfig1="3d94s2" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2D" term2="2P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5153.24" aki="0.60" energy1="30535.302" energy2="49935.200" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4p" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5218.20" aki="0.75" energy1="30783.686" energy2="49942.057" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4p" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-118</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.90</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1356.6</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2840</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.92</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.726</energy>
|
|
<energy>19.579</energy>
|
|
<energy>35.55</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>138</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>140</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1.+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.2233" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="62.93" neutron="34" percentage="68.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="19.0" betaplusdecay="1.7" betaminuspercentage="39.0" betaminusdecay="0.578" ecpercentage="41.0" ecdecay="1.675" spin="1+" magmoment="-0.217" halflife="45723.6" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="63.92977" neutron="35" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.3817" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="64.928" neutron="36" percentage="31.1" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>30</number>
|
|
<name origin="German 'zinking' for 'rough'. because zinc ore is very rough">Zinc</name>
|
|
<symbol>Zn</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>65.39</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="2165.09" aki="0.547" energy1="0.000" energy2="46172.842" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="2178.94" aki="0.913" energy1="0.000" energy2="45879.311" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="2181.72" aki="0.994" energy1="0.000" energy2="45821.00" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2225.70" aki="0.444" energy1="0.000" energy2="44915.61" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4D°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2230.08" aki="11202.565" energy1="3d94s2" energy2="3d9(2D)4s4p(1P°)" electronconfig1="2D" electronconfig2="2F°" term1="5/2" term2="" J1="56029.95" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2244.26" aki="0.0185" energy1="0.000" energy2="44544.153" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4D°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2441.64" aki="0.0201" energy1="0.000" energy2="40943.73" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2492.15" aki="0.0279" energy1="0.000" energy2="40113.99" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d9(2D)4s4p(3P°)" term1="2S" term2="4P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3247.54" aki="1.37" energy1="0.000" energy2="30783.686" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3273.96" aki="1.36" energy1="0.000" energy2="30535.302" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="5105.54" aki="0.020" energy1="11202.565" energy2="30783.686" electronconfig1="3d94s2" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2D" term2="2P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5153.24" aki="0.60" energy1="30535.302" energy2="49935.200" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4p" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5218.20" aki="0.75" energy1="30783.686" energy2="49942.057" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4p" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">1746</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>47</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.65</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>692.73</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1180</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.14</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.394 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>131</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>133.2</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>139</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="63.929" neutron="34" percentage="48.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="98.0" betaplusdecay="1.352" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="1.5" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.7690" halflife="21072960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="64.92924" neutron="35" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="65.926" neutron="36" percentage="27.82" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.87515" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="66.927" neutron="37" percentage="4.16" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="67.925" neutron="38" percentage="18.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="69.925" neutron="40" percentage="0.62" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>31</number>
|
|
<name origin="'Gallia' is an old name for France">Gallium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ga</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>69.723</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2874.235" aki="1.17" energy1="0.000" energy2="34781.66" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s24d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2943.636" aki="1.34" energy1="826.19" energy2="34787.85" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s24d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2944.173" aki="0.261" energy1="826.19" energy2="34781.66" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s24d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4032.984" aki="0.485" energy1="0.000" energy2="24788.530" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s25s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4172.042" aki="0.945" energy1="826.19" energy2="24788.530" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s25s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="P. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1875</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-29</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.81</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>302.92</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2478</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>5.91</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.999</energy>
|
|
<energy>20.5</energy>
|
|
<energy>30.7</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>126</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>130</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>187</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+1).(+2).+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.01659" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="68.926" neutron="38" percentage="60.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="2.56227" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="70.925" neutron="40" percentage="39.9" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>32</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'germania' is an old name for Germany">Germanium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ge</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>72.64</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="1988.267" aki="0.41" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="51705.020" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1998.887" aki="1.24" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="51437.802" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2019.068" aki="0.49" energy1="557.1341" energy2="50068.954" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3F°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="2041.712" aki="1.51" energy1="0.0000" energy2="48962.783" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2043.770" aki="0.86" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="50323.465" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2068.656" aki="1.2" energy1="557.1341" energy2="48882.263" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="2094.258" aki="1.70" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="49144.397" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="2198.714" aki="7125.2989" energy1="4s24p2" energy2="4s24p4d" electronconfig1="1D" electronconfig2="1F°" term1="2" term2="" J1="52592.224" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2592.534" aki="0.60" energy1="557.1341" energy2="39117.9021" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2651.172" aki="1.60" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="39117.9021" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2651.568" aki="0.69" energy1="0.0000" energy2="37702.3054" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2691.341" aki="0.47" energy1="557.1341" energy2="37702.3054" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2709.624" aki="2.08" energy1="557.1341" energy2="37451.6893" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2754.588" aki="0.79" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="37702.3054" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3039.067" aki="2.04" energy1="7125.2989" energy2="40020.5604" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="1D" term2="1P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="40" wavelength="3269.489" aki="0.17" energy1="7125.2989" energy2="37702.3054" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p5s" term1="1D" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. A. Winkler">1886</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-116</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.01</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1211.5</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3107</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>5.32</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.899 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>122.5</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>125</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.(+2)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="69.924" neutron="38" percentage="20.6" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="71.922" neutron="40" percentage="27.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="-0.879467" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="72.923" neutron="41" percentage="7.8" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="73.921" neutron="42" percentage="36.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="75.921" neutron="44" percentage="7.8" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>d</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>33</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'arsenikos' for 'male' or 'bold'">Arsenic</name>
|
|
<symbol>As</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>74.92160</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="1890.43" aki="2.7" energy1="0.000" energy2="52898.056" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1937.59" aki="2.2" energy1="0.000" energy2="51610.393" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1972.62" aki="2.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="50693.897" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="2288.12" aki="2.8" energy1="10914.866" energy2="54605.491" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2349.84" aki="3.1" energy1="10592.666" energy2="53135.750" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="70" wavelength="2370.77" aki="0.42" energy1="18647.663" energy2="60815.218" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(1D)5s" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2456.53" aki="0.072" energy1="10914.866" energy2="51610.393" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="2D°" term2="4P" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="2780.22" aki="0.78" energy1="18647.663" energy2="54605.491" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2860.44" aki="0.55" energy1="18186.328" energy2="53135.750" electronconfig1="4p3" electronconfig2="4p2(3P)5s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-78</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.18</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1090</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>876</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>5.72</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.81 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>119</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>115</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>185</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+5">46</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p3</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(-3).+3.(+5)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+1.43947" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="74.92159" neutron="42" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.97" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="-0.906" halflife="94752" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="75.92239" neutron="43" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>34</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'selena' for 'moon'">Selenium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Se</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>78.96</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="1960.894" aki="2.13" energy1="0.00" energy2="50997.161" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="4p3(4S°)5s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="1995.111" aki="0.0" energy1="22446.202" energy2="72568.72" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="4p3(2P°)5s" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2039.842" aki="0.98" energy1="1989.497" energy2="50997.161" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="4p3(4S°)5s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2062.779" aki="0.33" energy1="2534.36" energy2="50997.161" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="4p3(4S°)5s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2074.784" aki="0.017" energy1="0.00" energy2="48182.420" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="4p3(4S°)5s" term1="3P" term2="5S°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2164.188" aki="0.0032" energy1="1989.497" energy2="48182.420" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="4p3(4S°)5s" term1="3P" term2="5S°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2413.535" aki="0.0" energy1="9576.149" energy2="LP77" electronconfig1="4p4" electronconfig2="50997.161" term1="1D" term2="4p3(4S°)5s" J1="2" J2="3S°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4730.78" aki="0.0" energy1="48182.420" energy2="RG34" electronconfig1="4p3(4S°)5s" electronconfig2="69314.635" term1="5S°" term2="4p3(4S°)6p" J1="2" J2="5P" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="10327.26" aki="0.0" energy1="50997.161" energy2="MV74" electronconfig1="4p3(4S°)5s" electronconfig2="60677.618" term1="3S°" term2="4p3(4S°)5p" J1="1" J2="3P" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="10386.36" aki="0.0" energy1="50997.161" energy2="MV74" electronconfig1="4p3(4S°)5s" electronconfig2="60622.532" term1="3S°" term2="4p3(4S°)5p" J1="1" J2="3P" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="21442.56" aki="0.0" energy1="60677.618" energy2="MV74" electronconfig1="4p3(4S°)5p" electronconfig2="65339.968" term1="3P" term2="4p3(4S°)4d" J1="2" J2="3D°" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="J. J. Berzelius">1817</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-195</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.55</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>494</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>958</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>4.82</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.752 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>116</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>115</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>190</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="-2">202</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p4</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(-2).+4.(+6)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="73.922" neutron="40" percentage="0.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="75.919" neutron="42" percentage="9.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.535506" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="76.92" neutron="43" percentage="8.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="77.917" neutron="44" percentage="24" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="79.917" neutron="46" percentage="48" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="81.917" neutron="48" percentage="9.3" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Non-Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>35</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'bromos' for 'smells badly'">Bromine</name>
|
|
<symbol>Br</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>79.904</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="1488.45" aki="2.0" energy1="0.00" energy2="67183.58" electronconfig1="4p5" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1540.65" aki="2.2" energy1="0.00" energy2="64907.19" electronconfig1="4p5" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5s" term1="2P°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1574.84" aki="0.20" energy1="3685.24" energy2="67183.58" electronconfig1="4p5" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1633.40" aki="0.23" energy1="3685.24" energy2="64907.19" electronconfig1="4p5" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5s" term1="2P°" term2="4P" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="7348.51" aki="0.12" energy1="64907.19" energy2="78511.60" electronconfig1="4p4(3P)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5p" term1="4P" term2="2D°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="7512.96" aki="0.12" energy1="63436.45" energy2="76743.08" electronconfig1="4p4(3P)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="7803.02" aki="0.053" energy1="66883.87" energy2="79695.89" electronconfig1="4p4(3P)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5p" term1="4P" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="7938.68" aki="0.19" energy1="75890.33" energy2="88483.42" electronconfig1="4p4(1D)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(1D)5p" term1="2D°" term2="2D°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8272.44" aki="0.0" energy1="63436.45" energy2="75521.50" electronconfig1="4p4(3P)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="8343.70" aki="0.22" energy1="66883.87" energy2="78865.72" electronconfig1="4p4(3P)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="8446.55" aki="0.12" energy1="64907.19" energy2="76743.08" electronconfig1="4p4(3P)5s" electronconfig2="4p4(3P)5p" term1="4P" term2="4D°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="A. J. Balard">1826</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-325</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.96</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>265.95</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>331.85</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>3.14</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>11.814 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>114.5</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>115</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>185</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p5</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-1.(+1.+5.+7)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.1064" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="78.918" neutron="44" percentage="50.69" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.2706" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="80.916" neutron="46" percentage="49.31" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Halogene</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>or</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>36</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'kryptos' for 'hidden'">Krypton</name>
|
|
<symbol>Kr</symbol>
|
|
<period>4</period>
|
|
<mass>83.80</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1164.8671" aki="3.16" energy1="0.000" energy2="85846.7051" electronconfig1="4p6" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°1/2)5s" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1235.8378" aki="3.12" energy1="0.000" energy2="80916.7685" electronconfig1="4p6" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="5570.2894" aki="0.021" energy1="79971.7422" energy2="97919.1473" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°1/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="5870.9160" aki="0.018" energy1="80916.7685" energy2="97945.1669" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°1/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="8104.3655" aki="0.13" energy1="79971.7422" energy2="92307.3791" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8112.9012" aki="0.36" energy1="79971.7422" energy2="92294.4017" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="8190.0566" aki="0.11" energy1="80916.7685" energy2="93123.3414" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="8263.2426" aki="0.35" energy1="85846.7051" energy2="97945.1669" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°1/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°1/2)5p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="8298.1099" aki="0.32" energy1="80916.7685" energy2="92964.3948" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="8508.8728" aki="0.24" energy1="85846.7051" energy2="97595.9158" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°1/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°1/2)5p" term1="2[1/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8776.7505" aki="0.27" energy1="80916.7685" energy2="92307.3791" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5s" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="13634.220" aki="0.0" energy1="92294.4017" energy2="99626.883" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)6s" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="14426.793" aki="0.0" energy1="92964.3948" energy2="99894.048" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)6s" term1="2[3/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="16890.441" aki="0.0" energy1="92307.3791" energy2="98226.268" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)4d" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="18167.315" aki="0.0" energy1="92294.4017" energy2="97797.287" electronconfig1="4p5(2P°3/2)5p" electronconfig2="4p5(2P°3/2)4d" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Ramsay. M. W. Travers">1898</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>39</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>116</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>120.85</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>4.48</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>13.999 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>110</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>88</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>202</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p6</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.(+4)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="77.92" neutron="42" percentage="0.35" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="79.916" neutron="44" percentage="2.01" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="81.913" neutron="46" percentage="11.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="-0.970669" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="82.914" neutron="47" percentage="11.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="83.912" neutron="48" percentage="57.18" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="85.911" neutron="50" percentage="17.5" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Noblegas</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>37</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'rubidus' for 'dark red'">Rubidium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Rb</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>85.4678</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="11" wavelength="4201.80" aki="0.018" energy1="0.000" energy2="23792.591" electronconfig1="5s" electronconfig2="6p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="6" wavelength="4215.53" aki="0.015" energy1="0.000" energy2="23715.081" electronconfig1="5s" electronconfig2="6p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="7800.27" aki="0.370" energy1="0.000" energy2="12816.545" electronconfig1="5s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="7947.60" aki="0.340" energy1="0.000" energy2="12578.950" electronconfig1="5s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="11" wavelength="14752.41" aki="0.0" energy1="12578.950" energy2="19355.649" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="9" wavelength="15288.43" aki="0.0" energy1="12816.545" energy2="19355.649" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="Robert W. Bunsen. Gustav R. Kirchhoff">1861</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-47</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.82</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>312.63</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>961</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.53</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>4.177 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>211</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>235</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+1.3530" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="84.91179" neutron="48" percentage="72.17" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="99.99" betaminusdecay="1.774" ecpercentage="0.0052" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="-1.6920" halflife="1609715.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="85.91117" neutron="49" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="0.273" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.75124" halflife="47500000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="86.900919" neutron="50" percentage="27.83" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkali_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>38</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the mineral Strontianit">Strontium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Sr</symbol>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4607.33" aki="2.01" energy1="0.000" energy2="21698.482" electronconfig1="5s2" electronconfig2="5s5p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="70" wavelength="4811.88" aki="0.0" energy1="14898.563" energy2="35674.668" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5p2" term1="3P°" term2="3P" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="4872.49" aki="0.0" energy1="14504.351" energy2="35022.015" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="4962.26" aki="0.0" energy1="14898.563" energy2="35045.055" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="20" wavelength="4967.94" aki="0.0" energy1="14898.563" energy2="35022.015" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="70" wavelength="5256.90" aki="0.0" energy1="18319.267" energy2="37336.616" electronconfig1="5s4d" electronconfig2="4d5p" term1="3D" term2="3P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="5480.84" aki="0.0" energy1="18319.267" energy2="36559.514" electronconfig1="5s4d" electronconfig2="4d5p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="140" wavelength="6408.47" aki="0.0" energy1="18319.267" energy2="33919.330" electronconfig1="5s4d" electronconfig2="4d5p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="6504.00" aki="0.0" energy1="18218.795" energy2="33589.724" electronconfig1="5s4d" electronconfig2="4d5p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="6791.05" aki="0.0" energy1="14317.520" energy2="29038.795" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s6s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="70" wavelength="6878.38" aki="0.0" energy1="14504.351" energy2="29038.795" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s6s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="20" wavelength="6892.59" aki="0.00048" energy1="0.000" energy2="14504.351" electronconfig1="5s2" electronconfig2="5s5p" term1="1S" term2="3P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="7070.10" aki="0.0" energy1="14898.563" energy2="29038.795" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s6s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>87.62</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="H. B. Davy">1790</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.95</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1042</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1655</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>2.63</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.695</energy>
|
|
<energy>11.0</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>211</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>235</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 5s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="83.913" neutron="46" percentage="0.56" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100" ecdecay="1.08" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="5598720" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="84.91294" neutron="47" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="85.909" neutron="48" percentage="9.86" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="-1.093" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="86.909" neutron="49" percentage="7.0" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="87.906" neutron="50" percentage="82.58" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>39</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the small town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden. Terbium. Ytterbium and Gadolinium are also named after this town.">Yttrium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Y</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="4077.359" aki="1.1" energy1="0.000" energy2="24518.751" electronconfig1="4d5s2" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="2D" term2="2F°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4102.364" aki="1.3" energy1="530.351" energy2="24899.632" electronconfig1="4d5s2" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="2D" term2="2F°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="4128.299" aki="1.6" energy1="530.351" energy2="24746.573" electronconfig1="4d5s2" electronconfig2="4d(1D)5s5p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4142.841" aki="1.6" energy1="0.000" energy2="24131.250" electronconfig1="4d5s2" electronconfig2="4d(1D)5s5p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="17422.838" aki="0.0" energy1="11078.614" energy2="16816.641" electronconfig1="4d2(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="4F" term2="4D°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="17903.209" aki="0.0" energy1="11532.096" energy2="17116.156" electronconfig1="4d2(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="4F" term2="4D°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="18049.810" aki="0.0" energy1="11277.928" energy2="16816.641" electronconfig1="4d2(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="4F" term2="4D°" J1="7/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="21260.444" aki="0.0" energy1="11532.096" energy2="16234.382" electronconfig1="4d2(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="4F" term2="4F°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="22543.828" aki="0.0" energy1="11277.928" energy2="15712.522" electronconfig1="4d2(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="4F" term2="4F°" J1="7/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="23990.450" aki="0.0" energy1="11078.614" energy2="15245.803" electronconfig1="4d2(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d(3D)5s5p" term1="4F" term2="4F°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<mass>88.90585</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">1794</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-30</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.22</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1795</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3611</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>4.47</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.38 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>162</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d1 5s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.1374153" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="88.90585" neutron="50" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.283" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="-1.630" halflife="230400" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="89.90715" neutron="51" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>40</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the mineral zircon">Zirconium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Zr</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>91.224</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3519.604" aki="0.0" energy1="0.00" energy2="28404.26" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2F)5p" J1="2" J2="x3G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3547.683" aki="0.0" energy1="570.41" energy2="28749.80" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2F)5p" J1="3" J2="x3G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3575.790" aki="0.53" energy1="570.41" energy2="28528.36" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2F)5p" J1="3" J2="w3F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3601.191" aki="1.33" energy1="1240.84" energy2="29001.65" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2F)5p" J1="4" J2="x3G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3663.648" aki="0.57" energy1="1240.84" energy2="28528.36" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2F)5p" J1="4" J2="w3F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3835.962" aki="0.0" energy1="0.00" energy2="26061.70" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2D)5p" J1="2" J2="x3F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3863.872" aki="0.0" energy1="570.41" energy2="26443.88" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2D)5p" J1="3" J2="x3F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3890.316" aki="0.0" energy1="1240.84" energy2="26938.42" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2D)5p" J1="4" J2="x3F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3891.380" aki="0.39" energy1="1240.84" energy2="26931.35" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="2F)5p" J1="4" J2="z5G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4072.698" aki="1.19" energy1="5540.54" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="30087.33" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d3(b" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4081.209" aki="0.0" energy1="5888.93" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="30384.50" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d3(b" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4227.750" aki="0.0" energy1="5888.93" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="29535.48" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d3(b" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="4239.309" aki="0.0" energy1="5540.54" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="29122.71" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d3(b" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4687.799" aki="0.85" energy1="5888.93" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="27214.89" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d3(b" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4710.074" aki="0.64" energy1="5540.54" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="26765.66" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d3(b" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="6127.457" aki="0.017" energy1="1240.84" energy2="17556.26" electronconfig1="4d25s2" electronconfig2="4d25s(a" term1="a3F" term2="4F)5p" J1="4" J2="z3F°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="7097.727" aki="0.051" energy1="5540.54" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="19625.58" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d25s(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="7169.092" aki="0.0" energy1="5888.93" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="19833.78" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d25s(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="8070.099" aki="0.0" energy1="5888.93" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d3(b" electronconfig2="18276.92" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d25s(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">1789</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-41</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.33</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2128</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4682</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.51</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.84 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>148</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>155</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d2 5s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="89.904" neutron="50" percentage="51.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-1.30362" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="90.905" neutron="51" percentage="11.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="91.905" neutron="52" percentage="17.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.09" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="1530000" halflifeformat="years" weight="92.90647" neutron="53" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="93.906" neutron="54" percentage="17.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.121" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="5531328" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="94.90804" neutron="55" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="95.908" neutron="56" percentage="2.8" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>41</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after Niobe. the daughter of the Greek god Tantalus">Niobium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Nb</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="3341.97" aki="0.0" energy1="1142.79" energy2="31056.60" electronconfig1="4d35s2" electronconfig2="4d35s(a" term1="a4F" term2="5F)5p" J1="3/2" J2="x4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="3343.71" aki="0.0" energy1="1586.90" energy2="31485.20" electronconfig1="4d35s2" electronconfig2="4d35s(a" term1="a4F" term2="5F)5p" J1="5/2" J2="x4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="3349.06" aki="0.0" energy1="2154.11" energy2="32004.63" electronconfig1="4d35s2" electronconfig2="4d35s(a" term1="a4F" term2="5F)5p" J1="7/2" J2="x4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="3358.42" aki="0.0" energy1="2805.36" energy2="32572.72" electronconfig1="4d35s2" electronconfig2="4d35s(a" term1="a4F" term2="5F)5p" J1="9/2" J2="x4G°" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="3535.30" aki="0.0" energy1="695.25" energy2="7/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="28973.12" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d35s(a" J1="a6D" J2="5P)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="3575.85" aki="0.0" energy1="695.25" energy2="7/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="28652.66" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d35s(a" J1="a6D" J2="5P)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3580.27" aki="0.0" energy1="1050.26" energy2="9/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="28973.12" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d35s(a" J1="a6D" J2="5P)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="3739.80" aki="0.59" energy1="695.25" energy2="7/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="27427.07" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4058.94" aki="1.28" energy1="1050.26" energy2="9/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="25680.36" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4079.73" aki="0.99" energy1="695.25" energy2="7/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="25199.81" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4100.92" aki="0.76" energy1="391.99" energy2="5/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="24769.91" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4123.81" aki="0.58" energy1="154.19" energy2="3/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="24396.80" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4152.58" aki="0.38" energy1="695.25" energy2="7/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="24769.91" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4163.66" aki="0.65" energy1="154.19" energy2="3/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="24164.79" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="4164.66" aki="0.50" energy1="391.99" energy2="5/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="24396.80" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="4168.13" aki="0.91" energy1="0.00" energy2="1/2" electronconfig1="4d4(a" electronconfig2="23984.87" term1="5D)5s" term2="4d4(a" J1="a6D" J2="5D)5p" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<mass>92.90638</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="Charles Hatchett">1801</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-86</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.6</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2742</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5015</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.58</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.88 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>137</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>145</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d4 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+5</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="+6.1705" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="92.90638" neutron="52" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.925" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="+6.123" halflife="3036960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="94.90683" neutron="54" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>42</number>
|
|
<name origin="This name has Greek roots. It means 'like Platinum' - it was difficult to distinguish Molybdenum from Platinum.">Molybdenum</name>
|
|
<symbol>Mo</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>95.94</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3132.594" aki="1.79" energy1="0.000" energy2="31913.171" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d45s(6D)5p" term1="a7S" term2="y7P°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3158.167" aki="0.463" energy1="0.000" energy2="31654.786" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d45s(6D)5p" term1="a7S" term2="z7D°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3170.344" aki="1.37" energy1="0.000" energy2="31533.206" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d45s(6D)5p" term1="a7S" term2="y7P°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3193.979" aki="1.53" energy1="0.000" energy2="31299.876" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d45s(6D)5p" term1="a7S" term2="y7P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="3208.838" aki="0.277" energy1="0.000" energy2="31154.935" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d45s(6D)5p" term1="a7S" term2="z7D°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="3447.124" aki="0.875" energy1="12346.280" energy2="41347.664" electronconfig1="4d45s2" electronconfig2="4d5(4G)5p" term1="a5D" term2="y5F°" J1="4" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3798.252" aki="0.690" energy1="0.000" energy2="26320.420" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(6S)5p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3864.104" aki="0.624" energy1="0.000" energy2="25871.887" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(6S)5p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3902.953" aki="0.617" energy1="0.000" energy2="25614.367" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(6S)5p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="4069.882" aki="0.325" energy1="16783.856" energy2="41347.664" electronconfig1="4d5(4G)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(4G)5p" term1="a5G" term2="y5F°" J1="6" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="4188.324" aki="0.332" energy1="16784.522" energy2="40653.701" electronconfig1="4d5(4G)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(4G)5p" term1="a5G" term2="z5H°" J1="5" J2="6" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="4411.695" aki="0.263" energy1="16784.522" energy2="39445.182" electronconfig1="4d5(4G)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(4G)5p" term1="a5G" term2="z5G°" J1="5" J2="5" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5506.494" aki="0.361" energy1="10768.332" energy2="28923.668" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(6S)5p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5533.031" aki="0.372" energy1="10768.332" energy2="28836.592" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(6S)5p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="5570.444" aki="0.330" energy1="10768.332" energy2="28715.242" electronconfig1="4d5(6S)5s" electronconfig2="4d5(6S)5p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1778</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-72</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.16</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2896</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4912</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>10.28</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.099</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>145</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>145</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d5 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+2.+3.+4.+5).+6</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="91.90681" neutron="50" percentage="15.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="3500" halflifeformat="years" weight="92.90681" neutron="51" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="93.905" neutron="52" percentage="9.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.9133" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="94.906" neutron="53" percentage="16.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="95.905" neutron="54" percentage="15.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.9133" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="96.905" neutron="55" percentage="9.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="97.906" neutron="56" percentage="23.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.357" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="5762016" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="98.90771" neutron="57" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="99.908" neutron="58" percentage="9.6" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>43</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'technetos' for artificial">Technetium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Tc</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>98.9063</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="C. Perrier. E. G. Segre">1937</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3173.30" aki="0.86" energy1="0.00" energy2="31503.93" electronconfig1="4d55s2" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6S" term2="y4P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3182.37" aki="0.39" energy1="0.00" energy2="31414.05" electronconfig1="4d55s2" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6S" term2="y4P°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3183.11" aki="0.56" energy1="0.00" energy2="31406.74" electronconfig1="4d55s2" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6S" term2="y4P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3466.28" aki="1.22" energy1="2572.89" energy2="31414.05" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6D" term2="y4P°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3636.07" aki="1.57" energy1="2572.89" energy2="30067.29" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6D" term2="z6F°" J1="9/2" J2="11/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3718.86" aki="1.05" energy1="3250.91" energy2="30133.26" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6D" term2="z6F°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3984.97" aki="0.42" energy1="2572.89" energy2="27660.10" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6D" term2="z6D°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4031.63" aki="1.01" energy1="2572.89" energy2="27369.79" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6D" term2="z6D°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4095.67" aki="0.49" energy1="3250.91" energy2="27660.10" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a6D" term2="z6D°" J1="7/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4238.19" aki="0.38" energy1="0.00" energy2="23588.40" electronconfig1="4d55s2" electronconfig2="4d55s(7S)5s" term1="a6S" term2="z6P°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4262.27" aki="0.40" energy1="0.00" energy2="23455.21" electronconfig1="4d55s2" electronconfig2="4d55s(7S)5s" term1="a6S" term2="z6P°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4297.06" aki="0.42" energy1="0.00" energy2="23265.32" electronconfig1="4d55s2" electronconfig2="4d55s(7S)5s" term1="a6S" term2="z6P°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4853.59" aki="0.49" energy1="10516.53" energy2="31114.08" electronconfig1="4d6(5D)5s" electronconfig2="4d6(5D)5p" term1="a4D" term2="z4F°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-53</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.9</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2477</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4538</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>11.49</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.28 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>156</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d6 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+7</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.32" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="2600000" halflifeformat="years" weight="96.90636" neutron="54" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.293" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="+5.6847" halflife="211100" halflifeformat="years" weight="98.90625" neutron="56" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>44</number>
|
|
<name origin="Ruthenia is the old name of Russia">Ruthenium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ru</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>101.07</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3436.737" aki="0.728" energy1="1190.64" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="30279.68" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3498.944" aki="0.861" energy1="0.00" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="28571.89" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3589.220" aki="0.911" energy1="3105.49" energy2="1" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="30958.80" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3593.029" aki="0.817" energy1="2713.24" energy2="2" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="30537.06" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3596.185" aki="0.420" energy1="2091.54" energy2="3" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="29890.91" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3726.926" aki="0.753" energy1="1190.64" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="28014.79" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3728.026" aki="0.820" energy1="0.00" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="26816.23" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3730.432" aki="0.706" energy1="2091.54" energy2="3" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="28890.47" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3798.899" aki="0.598" energy1="1190.64" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="27506.59" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3799.353" aki="0.533" energy1="0.00" energy2="5" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="26312.83" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a5F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4199.892" aki="0.399" energy1="6545.03" energy2="4" electronconfig1="4d7(a" electronconfig2="30348.45" term1="4F)5s" term2="4d7(a" J1="a3F" J2="4F)5p" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="K. Klaus">1844</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-101</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2610</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4425</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>12.45</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.37 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>126</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>130</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d7 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4.(+8)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="95.908" neutron="52" percentage="5.68" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="1.2" spin="5/2" magmoment="+0.687" halflife="250560" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="96.90755" neutron="53" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="97.906" neutron="54" percentage="2.22" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+0.6413" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="98.906" neutron="55" percentage="12.91" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="99.903" neutron="56" percentage="12.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.7188" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="100.904" neutron="57" percentage="16.98" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="101.904" neutron="58" percentage="31.34" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.767" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.67" halflife="3392064" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="102.90632" neutron="59" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="103.906" neutron="60" percentage="18.27" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>45</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'rhodeos' means 'red like a rose'">Rhodium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Rh</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>102.90550</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3323.09" aki="0.63" energy1="1529.97" energy2="31613.78" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z2G°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3396.82" aki="0.65" energy1="0.00" energy2="29430.86" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4F°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="3434.89" aki="0.0" energy1="0.00" energy2="29104.71" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4G°" J1="9/2" J2="11/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3502.52" aki="0.43" energy1="0.00" energy2="28542.69" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4G°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3507.32" aki="0.34" energy1="2598.03" energy2="31101.75" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4G°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="3528.02" aki="0.85" energy1="1529.97" energy2="29866.34" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4F°" J1="7/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="3657.99" aki="0.88" energy1="1529.97" energy2="28859.64" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4D°" J1="7/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3692.36" aki="0.91" energy1="0.00" energy2="27075.26" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4D°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3700.91" aki="0.39" energy1="1529.97" energy2="28542.69" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a4F" term2="z4G°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4374.80" aki="0.164" energy1="5690.97" energy2="28542.69" electronconfig1="4d8(3F)5s" electronconfig2="4d8(3F)5p" term1="a2F" term2="z4G°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Wollaston">1803</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-110</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.28</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2236</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3970</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>12.41</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.46 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>135</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>134.5</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d8 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1.(+2).+3.(+4)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.08840" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="102.9055" neutron="58" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>46</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the planetoid Pallas">Palladium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pd</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>106.42</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2447.9058" aki="0.111" energy1="0.000" energy2="40838.874" electronconfig1="4d10" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2476.4127" aki="0.188" energy1="0.000" energy2="40368.796" electronconfig1="4d10" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2763.0899" aki="0.169" energy1="0.000" energy2="36180.677" electronconfig1="4d10" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3242.6983" aki="0.77" energy1="6564.148" energy2="37393.762" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[5/2]°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3404.5764" aki="1.34" energy1="6564.148" energy2="35927.948" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3421.2214" aki="0.0" energy1="7755.025" energy2="36975.973" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[5/2]°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3460.7381" aki="0.30" energy1="6564.148" energy2="35451.443" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3481.1516" aki="0.0" energy1="10093.992" energy2="38811.896" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]" term2="2[5/2]°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3516.9438" aki="1.03" energy1="7755.025" energy2="36180.677" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3553.0803" aki="0.0" energy1="11721.809" energy2="39858.361" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[3/2]" term2="2[5/2]°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3609.5547" aki="0.82" energy1="7755.025" energy2="35451.443" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3634.6884" aki="0.0" energy1="6564.148" energy2="34068.977" electronconfig1="4d9(2D5/2)5s" electronconfig2="4d9(2D5/2)5p" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">1803</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-54</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.20</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1825</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3240</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>12.02</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.34 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>131</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>163</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="101.905" neutron="56" percentage="0.8" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.56" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="1468022.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="102.90610" neutron="57" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="103.904" neutron="58" percentage="9.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.642" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="104.905" neutron="59" percentage="22.6" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="105.903" neutron="60" percentage="27.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.035" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="6500000" halflifeformat="years" weight="106.90513" neutron="61" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="107.904" neutron="62" percentage="26.08" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.116" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="49320" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="108.90595" neutron="63" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="109.904" neutron="64" percentage="13.5" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>47</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'argentum' for silver">Silver</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ag</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>107.8682</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3280.680" aki="1.47" energy1="0.000" energy2="30472.703" electronconfig1="4d10(1S)5s" electronconfig2="4d10(1S)5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3382.887" aki="1.35" energy1="0.000" energy2="29552.061" electronconfig1="4d10(1S)5s" electronconfig2="4d10(1S)5p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="5209.078" aki="0.75" energy1="29552.061" energy2="48743.969" electronconfig1="4d10(1S)5p" electronconfig2="4d10(1S)5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="5465.497" aki="0.86" energy1="30472.703" energy2="48764.219" electronconfig1="4d10(1S)5p" electronconfig2="4d10(1S)5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="7687.772" aki="0.0" energy1="29552.061" energy2="42556.152" electronconfig1="4d10(1S)5p" electronconfig2="4d10(1S)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="8273.509" aki="0.0" energy1="30472.703" energy2="42556.152" electronconfig1="4d10(1S)5p" electronconfig2="4d10(1S)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-126</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.93</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1235.1</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2436</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>10.49</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.576 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>153</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>160</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>172</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1.(+2.+3)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.113570" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="106.905" neutron="60" percentage="51.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.1306905" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="108.90476" neutron="62" percentage="48.1" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>48</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'kadmia' ('Galmei' = Zinc carbonate)">Cadmium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cd</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>112.411</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="2288.022" aki="5.3" energy1="0.000" energy2="43692.384" electronconfig1="5s2" electronconfig2="5s5p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3403.652" aki="0.77" energy1="30113.990" energy2="59485.768" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3466.200" aki="1.2" energy1="30656.087" energy2="59497.868" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3467.655" aki="0.67" energy1="30656.087" energy2="59485.768" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3610.508" aki="1.3" energy1="31826.952" energy2="59515.980" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3612.873" aki="0.35" energy1="31826.952" energy2="59497.868" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="3P°" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="4678.149" aki="0.13" energy1="30113.990" energy2="51483.980" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s6s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="4799.912" aki="0.41" energy1="30656.087" energy2="51483.980" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s6s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="5085.822" aki="0.56" energy1="31826.952" energy2="51483.980" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s6s" term1="3P°" term2="3S" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="6438.470" aki="0.59" energy1="43692.384" energy2="59219.734" electronconfig1="5s5p" electronconfig2="5s5d" term1="1P°" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="F. Stromeyer">1817</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>32</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.69</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>594.26</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1040</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.64</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.993 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>148.9</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>155</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>158</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="105.906" neutron="58" percentage="1.215" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="1.417" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="23400" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="106.90661" neutron="59" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="107.904" neutron="60" percentage="0.875" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.16" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.8270" halflife="38880000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="108.90498" neutron="61" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="109.90301" neutron="62" percentage="12.49" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.5943" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="110.90418" neutron="63" percentage="12.8" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="111.90276" neutron="64" percentage="24.13" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.6217" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="112.90440" neutron="65" percentage="12.22" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="113.90336" neutron="66" percentage="28.73" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.45" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.648" halflife="192456" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="114.90543" neutron="67" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="115.905" neutron="68" percentage="7.58" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>49</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after 'Indigo' because of its blue spectrum">Indium</name>
|
|
<symbol>In</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="14" wavelength="1711.1" aki="0.0" energy1="2212.598" energy2="60654" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="5s5p2" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="14" wavelength="1757.3" aki="0.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="56905" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="5s5p2" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2560.150" aki="0.20" energy1="0.000" energy2="39048.53" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="6d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="2710.265" aki="0.27" energy1="2212.598" energy2="39098.38" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="6d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
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<spectrum intensity="40" wavelength="2753.878" aki="0.13" energy1="0.000" energy2="36301.84" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="7s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2932.630" aki="0.23" energy1="2212.598" energy2="36301.84" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="7s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3039.356" aki="1.11" energy1="0.000" energy2="32892.21" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3256.089" aki="1.30" energy1="2212.598" energy2="32915.54" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="3258.565" aki="0.30" energy1="2212.598" energy2="32892.21" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="4101.7504" aki="0.50" energy1="0.000" energy2="24372.956" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="6s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4511.2972" aki="0.89" energy1="2212.598" energy2="24372.956" electronconfig1="5p" electronconfig2="6s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1" wavelength="12912.59" aki="0.0" energy1="24372.956" energy2="32115.22" electronconfig1="6s" electronconfig2="6p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1" wavelength="13429.96" aki="0.0" energy1="24372.956" energy2="31816.96" electronconfig1="6s" electronconfig2="6p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<mass>114.818</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="F. Reich. H.T. Richter">1863</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-29</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.78</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>429.78</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2350</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.31</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.786</energy>
|
|
<energy>18.9</energy>
|
|
<energy>28.0</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>144</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>155</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>193</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.(+1.+2)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="+5.5229" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="112.90406" neutron="64" percentage="4.28" />
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|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="+5.534" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="114.90388" neutron="66" percentage="95.72" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>50</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'stannum' for tin">Tin</name>
|
|
<symbol>Sn</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>118.710</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2091.590" aki="0.0" energy1="1691.806" energy2="49487.127" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2199.346" aki="0.29" energy1="1691.806" energy2="47145.684" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3F°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2209.660" aki="0.56" energy1="3427.673" energy2="48669.409" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2246.057" aki="1.48" energy1="0.000" energy2="44508.677" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="2268.930" aki="1.14" energy1="3427.673" energy2="47487.696" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2354.850" aki="1.85" energy1="1691.806" energy2="44144.368" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2421.694" aki="2.5" energy1="8612.955" energy2="49893.823" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="1D" term2="1F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2429.495" aki="1.5" energy1="3427.673" energy2="44576.006" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p5d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="3" />
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|
<spectrum intensity="140" wavelength="2661.244" aki="0.153" energy1="1691.806" energy2="39257.053" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="1P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2706.505" aki="0.539" energy1="1691.806" energy2="38628.876" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2839.976" aki="1.57" energy1="3427.673" energy2="38628.876" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2863.315" aki="0.544" energy1="0.000" energy2="34914.282" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="3009.133" aki="0.355" energy1="1691.806" energy2="34914.282" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3034.115" aki="1.89" energy1="1691.806" energy2="34640.758" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3175.035" aki="0.893" energy1="3427.673" energy2="34914.282" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="3P" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3262.331" aki="2.7" energy1="8612.955" energy2="39257.053" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="1D" term2="1P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3801.011" aki="0.28" energy1="8612.955" energy2="34914.282" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="1D" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="4524.734" aki="0.26" energy1="17162.499" energy2="39257.053" electronconfig1="5p2" electronconfig2="5p6s" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>6</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-116</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.96</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>505.12</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2876</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.29</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.344 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>140.5</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>145</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>217</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="111.90482" neutron="62" percentage="0.97" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="1.02" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="9943776" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="112.90517" neutron="63" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="113.903" neutron="64" percentage="0.65" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.91883" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="114.904" neutron="65" percentage="0.36" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="115.902" neutron="66" percentage="14.53" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="1.00104" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="116.903" neutron="67" percentage="7.68" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="117.902" neutron="68" percentage="24.22" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-1.04728" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="118.903" neutron="69" percentage="8.58" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="119.902" neutron="70" percentage="32.59" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.388" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="97416" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="120.90424" neutron="71" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="121.903" neutron="72" percentage="4.63" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="123.905" neutron="74" percentage="5.79" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>51</number>
|
|
<name origin="Arabic 'anthos ammonos' for 'blossom of the god Ammon'">Antimony</name>
|
|
<symbol>Sb</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>121.760</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1871.154" aki="0.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="53442.967" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)5d" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2049.577" aki="0.0" energy1="8512.125" energy2="57287.052" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)5d" term1="2D°" term2="2F" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2068.344" aki="1.81" energy1="0.000" energy2="48332.424" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="40" wavelength="2139.698" aki="1.74" energy1="8512.125" energy2="55232.963" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(1D)6s" term1="2D°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="40" wavelength="2144.841" aki="0.0" energy1="8512.125" energy2="55120.943" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)5d" term1="2D°" term2="4F" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2175.818" aki="1.75" energy1="0.000" energy2="45945.340" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2179.190" aki="2.39" energy1="9854.018" energy2="55728.264" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(1D)6s" term1="2D°" term2="2D" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="2208.430" aki="0.0" energy1="9854.018" energy2="55120.943" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)5d" term1="2D°" term2="4F" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2311.463" aki="1.69" energy1="0.000" energy2="43249.337" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="4S°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="2528.509" aki="1.77" energy1="9854.018" energy2="49391.133" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2598.048" aki="0.210" energy1="8512.125" energy2="46991.058" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="2D°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2877.913" aki="0.424" energy1="8512.125" energy2="43249.337" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="2D°" term2="4P" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3232.495" aki="0.307" energy1="18464.202" energy2="49391.133" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3267.491" aki="0.495" energy1="16395.359" energy2="46991.058" electronconfig1="5s25p3" electronconfig2="5s25p2(3P)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2P" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-103</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.05</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>903.91</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1860</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.69</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.641 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>138</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>145</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+5">62</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p3</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(-3).+3.(+5)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.3592" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="120.904" neutron="70" percentage="57.25" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.5466" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="122.904" neutron="72" percentage="42.75" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>52</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'tellus' or 'telluris' for 'Planet Earth'">Tellurium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Te</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>127.60</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1822.155" aki="0.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="54880.070" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(2D)6s" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1857.296" aki="0.0" energy1="4750.712" energy2="58592.434" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)5d" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1994.839" aki="0.0" energy1="4750.712" energy2="54880.070" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(2D)6s" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2002.028" aki="0.0" energy1="4750.712" energy2="54683.886" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(2D)6s" term1="3P" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="2081.172" aki="0.0" energy1="10557.877" energy2="58592.434" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)5d" term1="1D" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2142.822" aki="3.11" energy1="0.000" energy2="46652.738" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="2147.260" aki="0.0" energy1="10557.877" energy2="57114.206" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(2D)6s" term1="1D" term2="1D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="20" wavelength="2259.034" aki="0.13" energy1="0.000" energy2="44253.000" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6s" term1="3P" term2="5S°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="2383.277" aki="0.40" energy1="4706.500" energy2="46652.738" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2385.792" aki="0.81" energy1="4750.712" energy2="46652.738" electronconfig1="5p4" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6s" term1="3P" term2="3S°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="9722.742" aki="0.0" energy1="44253.000" energy2="54535.345" electronconfig1="5p3(4S)6s" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="10051.41" aki="0.0" energy1="44253.000" energy2="54199.122" electronconfig1="5p3(4S)6s" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6p" term1="5S°" term2="5P" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="11089.56" aki="0.0" energy1="46652.738" energy2="55667.758" electronconfig1="5p3(4S)6s" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="11487.23" aki="0.0" energy1="46652.738" energy2="55355.672" electronconfig1="5p3(4S)6s" electronconfig2="5p3(4S)6p" term1="3S°" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="F. Mller von Reichenstein">1782</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-190</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.1</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>722.72</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1261</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.25</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.009 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>135</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>206</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="-2">222</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p4</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(-2).+4.(+6)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="119.904048" neutron="68" percentage="0.09" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="1.29" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="1449792" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="120.90494" neutron="69" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="121.904048" neutron="69" percentage="2.59" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.052" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.7359" halflife="13000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="122.90427" neutron="70" percentage="0.905" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="123.90282" neutron="71" percentage="4.79" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.8871" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="124.90443" neutron="72" percentage="7.12" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="125.90331" neutron="73" percentage="18.93" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.697" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="33660" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="126.90522" neutron="74" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="127.90446" neutron="75" percentage="31.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="129.906229" neutron="78" percentage="34.08" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>53</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'ioeides' for 'violett'">Iodine</name>
|
|
<symbol>I</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>126.90447</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="1457.98" aki="0.0" energy1="0.00" energy2="68587.87" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(1D2)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2[2]" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1518.05" aki="0.0" energy1="7603.15" energy2="73477.24" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(3P1)5d" term1="2P°" term2="2[1]" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1702.07" aki="2.05" energy1="7603.15" energy2="66355.10" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)5d" term1="2P°" term2="2[1]" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="1782.76" aki="2.71" energy1="0.00" energy2="56092.88" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2[2]" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1830.38" aki="0.16" energy1="0.00" energy2="54633.46" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2[2]" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1844.45" aki="0.070" energy1="7603.15" energy2="61819.76" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(3P1)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2[1]" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="25" wavelength="2061.63" aki="0.030" energy1="7603.15" energy2="56092.88" electronconfig1="5p5" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)6s" term1="2P°" term2="2[2]" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="5119.29" aki="0.0" energy1="56092.88" energy2="75621.41" electronconfig1="5p4(3P2)6s" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)7p" term1="2[2]" term2="2[1]" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="130" wavelength="8043.74" aki="0.0" energy1="54633.46" energy2="67062.09" electronconfig1="5p4(3P2)6s" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)6p" term1="2[2]" term2="2[1]°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="9058.33" aki="0.0" energy1="54633.46" energy2="65669.99" electronconfig1="5p4(3P2)6s" electronconfig2="5p4(3P2)6p" term1="2[2]" term2="2[3]°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="B. Courtois">1811</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-295</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.66</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>386.7</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>457.5</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>4.94</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>10.451 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>133.1</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>140</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>198</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+2.808" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="126.90448" neutron="74" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.193" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.617" halflife="15700000" halflifeformat="years" weight="128.90499" neutron="76" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<oxydation>-1.(+1.+3.+5.+7)</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Halogene</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>or</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>54</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'xenos' for 'foreigner'">Xenon</name>
|
|
<symbol>Xe</symbol>
|
|
<period>5</period>
|
|
<mass>131.293</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="25" wavelength="1192.0376" aki="5.93" energy1="0.000" energy2="83889.971" electronconfig1="5p6" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)5d" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="25" wavelength="1250.2091" aki="0.149" energy1="0.000" energy2="79986.619" electronconfig1="5p6" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)5d" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="1295.5878" aki="2.53" energy1="0.000" energy2="77185.040" electronconfig1="5p6" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°1/2)6s" term1="1S" term2="2[1/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="1469.6123" aki="2.73" energy1="0.000" energy2="68045.156" electronconfig1="5p6" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)6s" term1="1S" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8231.635" aki="0.0" energy1="67067.547" energy2="79212.464" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6s" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[3/2]" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="8280.117" aki="0.0" energy1="68045.156" energy2="80118.962" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6s" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[1/2]" J1="1" J2="0" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="8819.411" aki="0.0" energy1="67067.547" energy2="78403.060" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6s" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="9923.190" aki="0.0" energy1="68045.156" energy2="78119.798" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6s" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" term1="2[3/2]°" term2="2[5/2]" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="12623.399" aki="0.0" energy1="77269.144" energy2="85188.774" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)7s" term1="2[1/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="14732.816" aki="0.0" energy1="78403.060" energy2="85188.774" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)7s" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[3/2]°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="31069.23" aki="0.0" energy1="79212.464" energy2="82430.205" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)5d" term1="2[3/2]" term2="2[5/2]°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="35070.26" aki="0.0" energy1="78119.798" energy2="80970.439" electronconfig1="5p5(2P°3/2)6p" electronconfig2="5p5(2P°3/2)5d" term1="2[5/2]" term2="2[7/2]°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Ramsay. M. W. Travers">1898</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>41</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>161.39</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>165.1</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>4.49</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>12.130 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>130</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>108</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>216</vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p6</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.(+2.+6)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="123.90590" neutron="70" percentage="0.094" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="60840" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="124.90640" neutron="71" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="125.904" neutron="72" percentage="0.088" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.44" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="3144960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="126.90519" neutron="73" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="127.904" neutron="74" percentage="1.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.7768" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="128.905" neutron="75" percentage="26.23" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="129.904" neutron="76" percentage="4.07" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.691861" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="130.905" neutron="77" percentage="21.17" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="131.904" neutron="78" percentage="26.96" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.427" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="452995.2" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="132.90590" neutron="79" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="133.905" neutron="80" percentage="10.54" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.16" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="32904" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="134.90713" neutron="81" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="135.907" neutron="82" percentage="8.95" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Noblegas</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>55</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'caesius' for 'heavenblue'">Caesium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cs</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>132.90545</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="15" wavelength="4555.28" aki="0.0188" energy1="0.0000" energy2="21946.396" electronconfig1="6s" electronconfig2="7p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="8" wavelength="4593.17" aki="0.0080" energy1="0.0000" energy2="21765.35" electronconfig1="6s" electronconfig2="7p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8521.13" aki="0.3276" energy1="0.0000" energy2="11732.3079" electronconfig1="6s" electronconfig2="6p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="8761.41" aki="0.0" energy1="11178.2686" energy2="22588.8210" electronconfig1="6p" electronconfig2="6d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="8943.47" aki="0.287" energy1="0.0000" energy2="11178.2686" electronconfig1="6s" electronconfig2="6p" term1="2S" term2="2P°" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="9172.32" aki="0.0" energy1="11732.3079" energy2="22631.6863" electronconfig1="6p" electronconfig2="6d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="13588.29" aki="0.0" energy1="11178.2686" energy2="18535.529" electronconfig1="6p" electronconfig2="7s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="900" wavelength="14694.91" aki="0.0" energy1="11732.3079" energy2="18535.529" electronconfig1="6p" electronconfig2="7s" term1="2P°" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="30103.27" aki="0.0" energy1="11178.2686" energy2="14499.2584" electronconfig1="6p" electronconfig2="5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="20" wavelength="34900.13" aki="0.0" energy1="11732.3079" energy2="14596.8423" electronconfig1="6p" electronconfig2="5d" term1="2P°" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff">1860</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-45</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.79</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>301.54</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>944</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>1.90</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>3.894 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>235</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>265.4</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 6s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.579" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="132.90544" neutron="78" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.05" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.729" halflife="2300000" halflifeformat="years" weight="134.90589" neutron="80" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkali_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>56</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'barys' for 'heavy'">Barium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ba</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>137.237</mass>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="3071.584" aki="0.41" energy1="0.000" energy2="32547.033" electronconfig1="6s2" electronconfig2="6s7p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="3501.108" aki="0.35" energy1="0.000" energy2="28554.221" electronconfig1="6s2" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="5535.481" aki="1.19" energy1="0.000" energy2="18060.261" electronconfig1="6s2" electronconfig2="6s6p" term1="1S" term2="1P°" J1="0" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="6498.760" aki="0.54" energy1="9596.533" energy2="24979.834" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="3" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="6527.312" aki="0.33" energy1="9215.501" energy2="24531.513" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="6595.325" aki="0.38" energy1="9033.966" energy2="24192.033" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="1" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="6693.842" aki="0.146" energy1="9596.533" energy2="24531.513" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3D°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="7059.943" aki="0.50" energy1="9596.533" energy2="23757.049" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="3" J2="4" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="7280.296" aki="0.32" energy1="9215.501" energy2="22947.423" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="2" J2="3" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="80" wavelength="7672.085" aki="0.15" energy1="9033.966" energy2="22064.645" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="3D" term2="3F°" J1="1" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="8559.998" aki="0.20" energy1="11395.350" energy2="23074.387" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="5d6p" term1="1D" term2="1D°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="14999.852" aki="0.0025" energy1="11395.350" energy2="18060.261" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="6s6p" term1="1D" term2="1P°" J1="2" J2="1" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="23253.56" aki="0.0" energy1="9215.501" energy2="13514.745" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="6s6p" term1="3D" term2="3P°" J1="2" J2="2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="25514.88" aki="0.0" energy1="9596.533" energy2="13514.745" electronconfig1="6s5d" electronconfig2="6s6p" term1="3D" term2="3P°" J1="3" J2="2" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="Humphry Bartholomew Davy">1808</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.89</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1002</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2078</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>3.65</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.212</energy>
|
|
<energy>10.0</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>198</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>217.3</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="129.906" neutron="74" percentage="0.101" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="1.16" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="1019520" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="130.90691" neutron="75" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="131.905" neutron="76" percentage="0.097" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="133.90449" neutron="78" percentage="2.42" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.8365" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="134.90567" neutron="79" percentage="6.59" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="135.90456" neutron="80" percentage="7.81" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.9357" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="136.90582" neutron="81" percentage="11.32" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="137.90524" neutron="82" percentage="71.66" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>57</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'lanthanein' for 'hidden'. The Lanthanoids are also called the 'rare earth'">Lanthanum</name>
|
|
<symbol>La</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>138.9055</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<spectra>
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3574.43" aki="0.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="27968.54" electronconfig1="5d6s2" electronconfig2="4f5d(3D°)6s" term1="2D" term2="°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="4060.33" aki="0.0" energy1="4121.572" energy2="28743.24" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="4f5d(3G°)6s" term1="4F" term2="4G°" J1="9/2" J2="11/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4187.32" aki="0.0" energy1="0.000" energy2="23874.95" electronconfig1="5d6s2" electronconfig2="5d6s(3D)6p" term1="2D" term2="°" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4280.27" aki="0.0" energy1="1053.164" energy2="24409.68" electronconfig1="5d6s2" electronconfig2="4f5d(1G°)6s" term1="2D" term2="°" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4949.77" aki="0.87" energy1="0.000" energy2="20197.34" electronconfig1="5d6s2" electronconfig2="5d6s(1D)6p" term1="2D" term2="°" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="5145.42" aki="0.0" energy1="3010.002" energy2="22439.36" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="4F" term2="4D°" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="5177.31" aki="0.0" energy1="3494.526" energy2="22804.25" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="4F" term2="4D°" J1="7/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="5211.86" aki="0.0" energy1="4121.572" energy2="23303.26" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="4F" term2="4D°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="5234.27" aki="0.0" energy1="4121.572" energy2="23221.10" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d6s(3D)6p" term1="4F" term2="°" J1="9/2" J2="7/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="5455.15" aki="0.0" energy1="1053.164" energy2="19379.40" electronconfig1="5d6s2" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="5501.34" aki="0.529" energy1="0.000" energy2="18172.35" electronconfig1="5d6s2" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="2D" term2="2D°" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="5791.34" aki="0.0" energy1="4121.572" energy2="21384.00" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="4F" term2="4F°" J1="9/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="6249.93" aki="0.0" energy1="4121.572" energy2="20117.38" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="4F" term2="4G°" J1="9/2" J2="11/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="6394.23" aki="0.0" energy1="3494.526" energy2="19129.31" electronconfig1="5d2(3F)6s" electronconfig2="5d2(3F)6p" term1="4F" term2="4G°" J1="7/2" J2="9/2" />
|
|
<spectrum intensity="" wavelength="" aki="" energy1="" energy2="" electronconfig1="" electronconfig2="" term1="" term2="" J1="" J2="" />
|
|
</spectra>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="K. G. Mosander">1839</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.10</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1191</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3737</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.16</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.577</energy>
|
|
<energy>11.0</energy>
|
|
<energy>19.17</energy>
|
|
<energy>49.9</energy>
|
|
<energy>61.6</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>169</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>187.0</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 5d1 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="33.6" betaminusdecay="1.04" ecpercentage="66.4" ecdecay="1.75" spin="5+" magmoment="+3.707" halflife="105000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="137.907105" neutron="81" percentage="0.0902" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.778" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="138.91" neutron="82" percentage="99.9098" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="3.761" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3-" magmoment="+0.73" halflife="144987.84" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="139.90947" neutron="83" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>58</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the planetoid Ceres">Cerium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ce</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>140.116</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="Jöns Jacob Berzelius. W. Hisinger. M. Klaproth">1803</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.12</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1071</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3715</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.77</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.47</energy>
|
|
<energy>10.9</energy>
|
|
<energy>20.2</energy>
|
|
<energy>36.8</energy>
|
|
<energy>65.5</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>165</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>182.5</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f1 5d1 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="135.907" neutron="78" percentage="0.193" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="100.0" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="32400" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="136.90777" neutron="79" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="137.90663" neutron="80" percentage="0.25" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.27" spin="3/2+" magmoment="±0.9" halflife="11892096" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="138.905" neutron="81" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="139.905" neutron="82" percentage="88.46" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.581" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="±0.97" halflife="2808086.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="140.90827" neutron="83" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="141.909" neutron="84" percentage="11.07" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>59</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'prasinos didymos' for 'green twin'">Praseodymium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pr</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>140.90765</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="K. C. Auer von Welsbach">1885</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.13</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1204</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3785</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>6.48</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.42</energy>
|
|
<energy>10.6</energy>
|
|
<energy>21.6</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>165</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>182.8</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f3 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+4.3" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="140.90765" neutron="82" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="99.98" betaminusdecay="2.160" ecpercentage="0.02" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="" halflife="68832" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="141.91004" neutron="83" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>60</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'neos didymos' for 'new twin'">Neodymium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Nd</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>144.24</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. Auer von Welsbach">1885</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.14</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1294</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3347</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.00</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.49 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>164</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>182.1</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f4 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="141.907" neutron="82" percentage="27.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-1.08" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="142.90981" neutron="83" percentage="12.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="1.83" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2290000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="143.91008" neutron="84" percentage="23.8" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-0.66" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="144.912" neutron="85" percentage="8.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="145.913" neutron="86" percentage="17.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.91" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="0.59" halflife="948672" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="146.91610" neutron="87" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="147.916" neutron="88" percentage="5.72" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.66" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="" halflife="6192" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="148.92015" neutron="89" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="149.921" neutron="90" percentage="5.6" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>61</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the greek Prometheus. Prometheus stole the fire from the gods and gave it to mankind.">Promethium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pm</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>146.9151</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="J. A. Marinsky. C. D. Coryell. L. E. Glendenin">1945</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.13</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1315</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3273</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.22</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.55 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>163</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>181.0</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f5 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.224" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.7" halflife="2.5" halflifeformat="years" weight="146.91513" neutron="86" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.46" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="" halflife="465696" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="147.91747" neutron="87" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.073" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="±3.3" halflife="191160" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="148.91833" neutron="88" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="3.43" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="" halflife="9720" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="149.92098" neutron="89" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>62</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the mineral Samarskit">Samarium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Sm</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>150.36</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="P. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1879</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.17</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1347</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2067</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.54</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.63 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>166</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180.2</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f6 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="143.912" neutron="82" percentage="3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.65" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="29376000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="144.91341" neutron="83" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.55" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="103100000" halflifeformat="years" weight="145.91340" neutron="84" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.31" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-0.813" halflife="106000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="146.91489" neutron="85" percentage="14.97" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.00" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="12000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="147.91482" neutron="86" percentage="11.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="1.9" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-0.670" halflife="400000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="148.91718" neutron="87" percentage="13.83" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="149.91727" neutron="88" percentage="7.44" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.076" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="" halflife="93" halflifeformat="years" weight="150.91933" neutron="89" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="151.919" neutron="90" percentage="26" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.8" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="-0.0217" halflife="166572" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="152.92209" neutron="91" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="153.922" neutron="92" percentage="20" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>63</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after Europe">Europium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Eu</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>151.964</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="E. A. Demarcay">1901</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.2</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1095</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1800</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>5.25</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.67 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>185</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>204.2</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f7 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.464" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="150.919847" neutron="88" percentage="47.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+1.530" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="152.921225" neutron="90" percentage="52.23" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>64</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin">Gadolinium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Gd</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>157.25</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">1880</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.20</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1585</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3545</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>7.89</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.14 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>161</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180.2</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f7 5d1 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.24" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="108000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="151.91979" neutron="88" percentage="0.2" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="0.24" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="20874240" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="152.92175" neutron="89" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="153.921" neutron="90" percentage="2.15" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.27" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="154.923" neutron="91" percentage="14.78" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="155.922" neutron="92" percentage="20.59" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.36" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="156.924" neutron="93" percentage="15.71" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="157.924" neutron="94" percentage="24.79" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.95" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="66816" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="158.926386" neutron="95" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="159.927" neutron="96" percentage="21.79" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>65</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the Swedish town of Ytterby">Terbium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Tb</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>158.92534</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="K. G. Mosander">1843</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1629</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3500</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.25</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.85 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>159</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>178.2</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f9 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+1.95" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="158.925344" neutron="94" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.72" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3-" magmoment="+1.702" halflife="6246720" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="159.927165" neutron="95" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>66</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'dysprositor' for 'difficult to reach'">Dysprosium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Dy</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>162.50</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="F. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1886</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.22</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1685</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2840</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.56</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.93 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>159</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>177.3</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f10 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="155.92428" neutron="90" percentage="0.052" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="157.92440" neutron="92" percentage="0.090" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="159.92519" neutron="94" percentage="2.29" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.4805" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="160.92693" neutron="95" percentage="18.88" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="161.92680" neutron="96" percentage="25.53" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.6726" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="162.92873" neutron="97" percentage="24.97" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="163.92917" neutron="98" percentage="28.18" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.3" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="" halflife="8402.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="164.93170" neutron="98" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>67</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'holmia' for the old name of Stockholm">Holmium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ho</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>164.93032</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="J. L. Soret. P.T. Cleve">1878</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.23</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1747</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2968</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>8.78</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.02 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>158</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>176.6</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f11 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+4.173" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="164.93032" neutron="98" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.85" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0-" magmoment="0" halflife="96840" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="165.93228" neutron="99" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>68</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named ofter the Swedish town of Ytterby. Terbium and Ytterbium are also named after this town.">Erbium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Er</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>167.259</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="K. G. Mosander">1843</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.24</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1802</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3140</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.05</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.10 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>157</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>175.7</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f12 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="161.929" neutron="94" percentage="0.136" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="163.929" neutron="96" percentage="1.56" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="165.93029" neutron="98" percentage="33.41" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="-0.5665" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="166.93205" neutron="99" percentage="22.94" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="167.93237" neutron="100" percentage="27.07" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="169.935" neutron="102" percentage="14.88" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>69</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the old name of Scandinavia. 'Thule'">Thulium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Tm</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>168.93421</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="P. T. Cleve">1879</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.25</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1818</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2223</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.32</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.18 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>156</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>174.6</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f13 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.2316" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="168.93421" neutron="100" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>70</number>
|
|
<name origin="Like Terbium and Gadolinium. this is named after the Swedish town of Ytterby">Ytterbium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Yb</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>173.04</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="J. Ch. Marignac">1878</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1092</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1469</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.32</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.254 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>170</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>194</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="167.934" neutron="98" percentage="0.135" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="169.93476" neutron="100" percentage="3.03" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.4919" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="170.93632" neutron="101" percentage="14.31" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="171.93638" neutron="102" percentage="21.82" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="-0.6776" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="172.93821" neutron="103" percentage="16.13" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="173.93886" neutron="104" percentage="31.84" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.467" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="±0.3" halflife="244224" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="174.94127" neutron="105" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="175.94256" neutron="106" percentage="12.73" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>71</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the Roman name 'Lutetia' for Paris">Lutetium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Lu</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>174.967</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. Auer von Welsbach. G. Urbain">1907</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.27</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1936</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3668</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.84</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.426 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>156</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>173.4</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d1 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.2327" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="174.941" neutron="104" percentage="97.41" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7-" magmoment="3.19" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="175.943" neutron="105" percentage="2.59" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.239" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="176.943752" neutron="106" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>72</number>
|
|
<name origin="'Hafnia' is the old name of Kopenhagen (Denmark)">Hafnium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Hf</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>178.49</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="D. Coster. G. Hevesy">1923</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2504</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4875</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>13.31</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.0 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>144</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>156.4</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d2 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+5</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.55" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="173.94004" neutron="102" percentage="0.18" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.59" spin="5/2-" magmoment="0.70" halflife="6048000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="174.94151" neutron="103" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="175.94140" neutron="104" percentage="5.21" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+0.7935" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="176.94322" neutron="105" percentage="18.6" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="177.94370" neutron="106" percentage="27.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="-0.6409" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="178.94581" neutron="107" percentage="13.63" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="179.94655" neutron="108" percentage="35.1" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>73</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the Greek myth of Tantalos">Tantalum</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ta</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>180.9479</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="A. Ekeberg">1802</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-31</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.5</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>3293</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5730</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>16.68</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.89 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>134</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>143</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d3 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+5</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="14.0" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="86.0" ecdecay="" spin="9-" magmoment="" halflife="10000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="179.947462" neutron="107" percentage="0.012" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.370" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="180.947992" neutron="108" percentage="99.998" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.811" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3-" magmoment="2.6" halflife="9892800" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="181.950149" neutron="109" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>74</number>
|
|
<name origin="'tung sten' means 'heavy stone' in Swedish. The old name (and thus the symbol 'W') was Wolfram. named after a mineral">Tungsten</name>
|
|
<symbol>W</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>183.84</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1783</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-79</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.36</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>3695</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5825</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>19.26</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.98 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>130</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>137</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d4 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+4). +6</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="179.947" neutron="106" percentage="0.122" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.19" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="10471680" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="180.94820" neutron="107" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0+" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="181.94820" neutron="108" percentage="26.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.1177847" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="182.950220" neutron="109" percentage="14.28" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="183.950928" neutron="110" percentage="30.7" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.432" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="4129920" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="184.953416" neutron="111" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="185.954357" neutron="112" percentage="29.17" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.321" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="0.688" halflife="2064960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="186.957153" neutron="113" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>75</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the German river Rhine (latin 'Rhenium')">Rhenium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Re</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>186.207</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Noddack. I. Tacke-Noddack. O. Berg">1925</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-14</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.9</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>3455</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5870</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>21.03</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.88</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>159</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>274.1</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">63</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.0007</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d5 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+7.+2.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.172" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="184.952951" neutron="110" percentage="37.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="93.1" betaminusdecay="1.071" ecpercentage="6.9" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="+1.739" halflife="324000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="185.954984" neutron="111" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.00251" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.2197" halflife="43500000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="186.955744" neutron="112" percentage="62.6" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.12" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="+1.788" halflife="61128" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="187.958106" neutron="113" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>76</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek for 'smell'. Its oxides smell strongly like radishes">Osmium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Os</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>190.23</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="S. Tennant">1804</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-106</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>3300</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5300</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>22.61</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.7 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>128</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>130</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>267.5</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">63</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.005</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d6 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.(+2.+3.+6.+8)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="183.953" neutron="108" percentage="0.018" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.98" spin="1/2-" magmoment="" halflife="8087040" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="184.954041" neutron="109" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="185.953830" neutron="110" percentage="1.58" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.06465" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="186.955741" neutron="111" percentage="1.59" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="187.955860" neutron="112" percentage="13.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.659933" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="188.958137" neutron="113" percentage="16.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="189.958436" neutron="114" percentage="26.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.313" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="13.30560" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="190.960920" neutron="115" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="191.961476" neutron="116" percentage="41" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>77</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'iris' for 'rainbow'">Iridium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ir</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>192.217</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="S. Tennant">1804</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-151</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.20</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2720</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4700</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>22.65</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.1 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>137</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>271.4</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">63</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.001</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d7 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1.+4.(+2.+3.+6)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.1461" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="190.960584" neutron="114" percentage="38.5" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="4.6" betaplusdecay="1.2" betaminuspercentage="95.4" betaminusdecay="1.454" ecpercentage="4.6" ecdecay="" spin="4-" magmoment="+1.880" halflife="6378998.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="191.962580" neutron="115" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.1591" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="192.962917" neutron="116" percentage="61.5" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>78</number>
|
|
<name origin="Spanish 'platina' means 'small silver'">Platinum</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pt</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>195.078</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="A. de Ulloa">1735</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-205</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.28</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2042.1</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4100</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>21.450</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.0 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>128</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>175</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>277.5</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">80</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.01</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d9 6s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="3.18" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="650000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="189.959917" neutron="112" percentage="0.0127" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.6" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="1000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="191.961019" neutron="114" percentage="0.78" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="193.962655" neutron="116" percentage="32.9" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.60949" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="194.964766" neutron="117" percentage="33.8" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="195.9650" neutron="118" percentage="25.3" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.75" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.51" halflife="65880" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="196.967315" neutron="119" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="197.967869" neutron="120" percentage="7.2" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>79</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'aurum'. named after Aurora. the goddess of sunrise">Gold</name>
|
|
<symbol>Au</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>196.96654</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-223</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.54</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1337.58</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3130</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>19.32</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.225 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>144.2</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>135</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>166</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>288.4</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+1">137</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.004</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+1).+3</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.230" spin="3/2+" magmoment="±0.148" halflife="16078176" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="194.965013" neutron="116" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.1457" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="196.966543" neutron="118" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.372" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="+0.5934" halflife="232718.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="197.968217" neutron="119" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.453" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.2715" halflife="271209.6" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="198.968740" neutron="120" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>80</number>
|
|
<name origin="Graeco-Latin 'hydrargyrum' for 'liquid silver'">Mercury</name>
|
|
<symbol>Hg</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>200.59</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>61</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.00</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>234.31</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>629.88</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>13.55</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>10.437 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>160</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>150</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>155</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>300.5</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">102</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.08</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+1).+2</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="195.965807" neutron="116" percentage="0.146" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.42" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.5274" halflife="230904" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="196.967187" neutron="117" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="197.966743" neutron="118" percentage="10.02" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.5058851" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="198.968254" neutron="119" percentage="16.84" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="199.968300" neutron="120" percentage="23.13" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.560225" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="200.970277" neutron="121" percentage="13.22" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="201.970617" neutron="122" percentage="29.80" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.492" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.8489" halflife="4027276.8" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="202.972848" neutron="123" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="203.973467" neutron="124" percentage="6.85" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>81</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'tallos' for 'young twig'">Thallium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Tl</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>204.3833</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="W. Crookes">1861</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-20</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.04</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>577</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1746</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>11.85</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.108</energy>
|
|
<energy>20.4</energy>
|
|
<energy>29.8</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>170.4</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>190</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>196</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+1">150</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>340.8</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0.7</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1.(+3)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+1.622257" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="202.972320" neutron="122" percentage="29.52" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="97.43" betaminusdecay="0.763" ecpercentage="2.57" ecdecay="0.345" spin="2-" magmoment="-0.06" halflife="3.78" halflifeformat="years" weight="203.97384" neutron="123" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+1.6382134" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="204.974401" neutron="124" percentage="70.48" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>82</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'plumbum' for Lead">Lead</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pb</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>207.2</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-35</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.33</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>600.65</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2023</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>11.34</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.416 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>147</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>202</vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>350.0</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">118</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>13</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.(+4)</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="203.97302" neutron="122" percentage="1.4" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="205.974440" neutron="124" percentage="24.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2" magmoment="+0.5926" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="206.975872" neutron="125" percentage="22.1" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="207.976627" neutron="126" percentage="52.4" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>83</number>
|
|
<name origin="The old name of Bismuth is 'Wismut'. This stood for 'white mass'">Bismuth</name>
|
|
<symbol>Bi</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>208.98038</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<date scientist="">0</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-91</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.02</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>544.59</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1837</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.80</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>7.289 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2" magmoment="+4.11" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="208.980347" neutron="126" percentage="100.0" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.04" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.16" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1" magmoment="-0.044" halflife="432864.0" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="209.984095" neutron="127" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>155</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>160</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+5">74</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">102</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>309</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>13</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.(+5)</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Other_Metal</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>84</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after Poland to honor Marie Curie">Polonium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Po</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>208.9824</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="M. Sklodowska-Curie. P. Curie">1898</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-183</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.0</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>527</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.20</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>8.42 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="99.74" alphadecay="4.976" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="0.26" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.77" halflife="102" halflifeformat="years" weight="208.9824" neutron="125" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.407" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="11955686.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="209.982848" neutron="126" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="7.594" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="0.516" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="210.986627" neutron="127" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="0.000000299" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="211.9888" neutron="128" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="0.0001643" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="213.9952" neutron="130" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="99.9998" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.0002" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="0.001781" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="214.9994" neutron="131" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="6.906" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="0.145" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="216.001889" neutron="132" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="99.98" alphadecay="6.114" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.02" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="186" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="218.0089" neutron="134" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>167.5</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>190</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx>334.5</bondxx>
|
|
<ionic charge="+6">97</ionic>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+2).+4.(+6)</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Metalloids</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>mono</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>85</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'astator' for 'changing'">Astatine</name>
|
|
<symbol>At</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>209.9871</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="D.R. Corson. K.R. McKenzie. E. Segre">1940</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-270</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>575</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>610</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density></density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>9.5 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="0.18" alphadecay="5.63" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="99.82" ecdecay="3.98" spin="5+" magmoment="" halflife="29160" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="209.987126" neutron="125" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="41.7" alphadecay="5.981" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="58.3" ecdecay="0.784" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="25970.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="210.987469" neutron="126" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="0.0001" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="214.99864" neutron="130" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="" halflife="0.0003" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="216.0024" neutron="131" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="99.99" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.01" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="1938" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="217.00471" neutron="133" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="99.9" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.1" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="" halflife="1.6" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="118.00868" neutron="134" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic>127</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>-1.(1.3.5.7)</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Halogene</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>86</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after Radium. It ends with 'on' to make it clear that it is a noble gas">Radon</name>
|
|
<symbol>Rn</symbol>
|
|
<period>6</period>
|
|
<mass>222.0176</mass>
|
|
<block>p</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="E. Dorn">1898</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>41</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>202</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>211.4</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>9.23</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>10.748 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>145</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>120</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>2</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Noblegas</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>87</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after France to honor Marguerite Perey">Francium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Fr</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>223.0197</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="M. Perey">1939</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity>-44</electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.7</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>300</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>950</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density></density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>4.0 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>270</covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+1">180</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance></abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 7s1</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+1</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Alkali_Earth</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>88</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'radius' for 'beam', as it is radioactive">Radium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ra</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>226.0254</mass>
|
|
<block>s</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="M. Sklodowska-Curie. P. Curie">1898</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>0.89</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>973</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>1413</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>5.50</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.279</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>223</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>215</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">143</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>445.8</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>+2</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>89</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'aktis' for 'beam' - actinium is radioactive">Actinium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ac</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>227.0278</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="A.L. Debierne">1899</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1324</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3470</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>10.07</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.9 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>187.8</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>195</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">118</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>375.6</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 6d1 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<oxydation>(+2).+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>90</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the German god of thunder: Thor">Thorium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Th</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>232.0381</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="J. J. Berzelius">1828</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>2028</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>5060</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>11.72</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.95 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="6.145" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="1617235.2" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="227.02770" neutron="137" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.52" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="1.9131" halflifeformat="years" weight="228.02872" neutron="138" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.17" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+0.46" halflife="7340" halflifeformat="years" weight="229.03176" neutron="139" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.77" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="75380" halflifeformat="years" weight="230.03313" neutron="140" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.389" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="91872" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="231.03630" neutron="141" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.081" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="14000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="232.03805" neutron="142" percentage="100" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.27" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="1338" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="234.036593" neutron="144" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic>179.8</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">100</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>359.5</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>12</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 6d2 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>91</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'protos' for 'ancester'. Protactinium is before Actinium in the periodic table.">Protactinium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pa</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>231.03588</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="O. Hahn. L. Meitern. W. Wollaston">1917</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.5</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1845</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4300</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>15.37</density>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic>180.6</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">98</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+5">89</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">113</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>321.2</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>12</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.+5</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.148" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="±2.01" halflife="32760" halflifeformat="years" weight="231.03588" neutron="140" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.34" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+3.5" halflife="113184" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="232.03857" neutron="141" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.572" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+3.5" halflife="2329948.8" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="233.04024" neutron="142" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f2 6d1 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>92</number>
|
|
<name origin="Greek 'ouranos' for 'heaven'. Named after the planet Uranus">Uranium</name>
|
|
<symbol>U</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>238.02891</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="M. M. Klaproth">1789</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.38</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1408</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4407</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>18.97</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.08 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.41" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="73.6" halflifeformat="years" weight="232.03713" neutron="140" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.91" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+0.55" halflife="159200" halflifeformat="years" weight="233.03963" neutron="141" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.856" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="245000" halflifeformat="years" weight="234.04095" neutron="142" percentage="0.005" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.6793" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-0.35" halflife="703800000" halflifeformat="years" weight="235.04392" neutron="143" percentage="0.7200" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.569" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="23415000" halflifeformat="years" weight="236.04556" neutron="144" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.52" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="583200" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="237.04872" neutron="145" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.039" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="4468000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="238.05078" neutron="146" percentage="99.2748" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.5" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="50760" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="240.05659" neutron="148" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>138.5</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>175</atomic>
|
|
<vdw>186</vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">97</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+6">80</ionic>
|
|
<ionic charge="+6">73</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>277</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>2.3</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4.+5.+6.+7</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f3 6d1 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>93</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the planet Neptune.">Neptunium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Np</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>237.0482</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="E. M. McMillan. P. Aberson">1940</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.36</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>912</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>4175</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>20.48</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>131</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>175</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">95</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>262</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+4.+3.+5.+7</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.96" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="2140000" halflifeformat="years" weight="237.04817" neutron="144" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.29" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2+" magmoment="" halflife="182908.8" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="238.05094" neutron="145" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.72" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="203472" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="239.05293" neutron="146" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f4 6d1 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>94</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the planet Pluto.">Plutonium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Pu</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>244.0642</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G.T. Seaborg. E.M. McMillan. J.W. Kennedy. A.C. Wahl">1940</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.28</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>913</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>3505</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>19.74</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>5.8 </energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>151</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>175</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+4">80</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>302.6</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4.+5.+6.+7</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.87" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2.87" halflifeformat="years" weight="236.04603" neutron="142" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="0.004" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="99.996" ecdecay="0.22" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="3905280" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="237.04841" neutron="143" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.59" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="87.74" halflifeformat="years" weight="238.04955" neutron="144" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.24" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+0.203" halflife="24119" halflifeformat="years" weight="239.05216" neutron="145" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.26" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="6563" halflifeformat="years" weight="240.05381" neutron="146" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.02" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.683" halflife="14.35" halflifeformat="years" weight="241.05685" neutron="147" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.983" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="373300" halflifeformat="years" weight="242.05874" neutron="148" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f6 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>95</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after America.">Americium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Am</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>243.0614</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G.T. Seaborg. L.O. Morgan. R.A. James. A. Ghiors">1945</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1449</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint>2880</boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>13.67</density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
<energy>6.0</energy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent>184</covalent>
|
|
<atomic>175</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">100</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>345.0</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3.+4.+5.+6</oxydation>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.637" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+1.61" halflife="432.7" halflifeformat="years" weight="241.05682" neutron="146" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="82.7" betaminusdecay="0.67" ecpercentage="17.3" ecdecay="0.73" spin="1-" magmoment="" halflife="57672" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="242.05954" neutron="147" percentage="" />
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.439" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="" halflife="7380" halflifeformat="years" weight="243.06137" neutron="148" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f7 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>96</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after Marie Curie.">Curium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cm</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>247.0703</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G. T. Seaborg. R. A. James. A. Ghiors">1944</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>347.7</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1620</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>13.51</density>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f7 6d1 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>97</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the town Berkeley where it was discovered.">Berkelium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Bk</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>247.0703</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>339.8</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<date scientist="G. T. Seaborg. A. Ghiors. S.G. Thompson">1949</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1258</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>13.25</density>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f9 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>98</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the US-State of California.">Californium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Cf</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>251.0796</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G. T. Seaborg. A Ghiors. S. G. Thompson">1950</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>2</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx>337.7</bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1172</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density>15.1</density>
|
|
<oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f10 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>99</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Albert Einstein.">Einsteinium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Es</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>252.0829</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1952</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>3</group>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic>186</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="40780800" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="153" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1130</meltingpoint>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f11 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>100</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Enrico Fermi.">Fermium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Fm</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>257.0951</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1953</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic>190</atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">97</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="9115200" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1800</meltingpoint>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f12 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>101</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist D.I. Mendeleev.">Mendelevium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Md</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>258.0986</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1955</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">96</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="4449600" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1100</meltingpoint>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f13 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>102</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Alfred Nobel.">Nobelium</name>
|
|
<symbol>No</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>259.1009</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+2">113</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1958</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1100</meltingpoint>
|
|
<oxydation>+2.+3.+4</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f14 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="3480" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="259.1009" neutron="157" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>103</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Ernest Orlando Lawrence.">Lawrencium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Lr</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>262.110</mass>
|
|
<block>f</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1961</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint>1900</meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density></density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="12960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="262.110" neutron="159" percentage="100" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<ionic charge="+3">94</ionic>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Rare_Earth</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f14 7s2 7p1</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>104</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Ernest Rutherford">Rutherfordium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Rf</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>261.1089</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1964</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>4</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density></density>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="66" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<oxydation>+3</oxydation>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f14 6d2 7s2</orbits>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>105</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the science-town Dubna in Russia">Dubnium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Db</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>262.1144</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1967</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>5</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<electronegativity></electronegativity>
|
|
<meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
|
|
<boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
|
|
<density></density>
|
|
<ionisationenergy>
|
|
</ionisationenergy>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="34" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<orbits>Rn 5f14 6d3 7s2</orbits>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>106</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist G. Theodore Seaborg.">Seaborgium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Sg</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>263.1186</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1974</date>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="20" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="160" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<group>6</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>107</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Niels Bohr.">Bohrium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Bh</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>262.1231</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1981</date>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<group>7</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>108</number>
|
|
<name origin="Latin 'hassia' for the German county Hessen. In Hessen. a lot elements have been discovered.">Hassium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Hs</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>265.1306</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1984</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="9.3" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="161" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>109</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the scientist Lise Meitner.">Meitnerium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Mt</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>266.1378</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<date scientist="">1982</date>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.7" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="159" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>110</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after the German city Darmstadt where many elements have been discovered.">Darmstadtium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Ds</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>271</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1994</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.001" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="161" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<group>8</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
<element>
|
|
<number>111</number>
|
|
<name origin="Named after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.">Roentgenium</name>
|
|
<symbol>Rg</symbol>
|
|
<period>7</period>
|
|
<mass>272</mass>
|
|
<block>d</block>
|
|
<acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
|
|
<artificial>1</artificial>
|
|
<radioactive>1</radioactive>
|
|
<date scientist="">1994</date>
|
|
<biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
|
|
<radius>
|
|
<covalent></covalent>
|
|
<atomic></atomic>
|
|
<vdw></vdw>
|
|
<bondxx></bondxx>
|
|
</radius>
|
|
<abundance>0</abundance>
|
|
<isotopes>
|
|
<isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.0015" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="161" percentage="" />
|
|
</isotopes>
|
|
<group>1</group>
|
|
<electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
|
|
<family>Transition</family>
|
|
</element>
|
|
</kalzium>
|