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653 lines
29 KiB
653 lines
29 KiB
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.2-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdex.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE">
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<!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE">
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]>
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<book lang="&language;">
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<bookinfo>
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<title>The Regular Expression Editor Manual</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jesper K.</firstname>
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<surname>Pedersen</surname>
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<affiliation><address><email>blackie@kde.org</email></address></affiliation>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<date>2001-07-03</date>
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<releaseinfo>0.1</releaseinfo>
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<legalnotice>&underFDL;</legalnotice>
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<copyright>
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<year>2001</year>
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<holder>Jesper K. Pedersen</holder>
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</copyright>
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<abstract>
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<para>This Handbook describes the Regular Expression Editor widget</para>
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</abstract>
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<keywordset>
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<keyword>KDE</keyword>
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<keyword>regular expression</keyword>
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</keywordset>
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</bookinfo>
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<!-- Introduction -->
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<chapter id="introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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The regular expression editor is an editor for editing regular expression
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in a graphical style (in contrast to the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> syntax). Traditionally
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regular expressions have been typed in the <acronym>ASCII</acronym> syntax, which for example
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looks like <literal>^.*kde\b</literal>. The major drawbacks of
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this style are:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>It is hard to understand for
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non-programmers.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>It requires that you <emphasis>escape</emphasis>
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certain symbols (to match a star for example, you need to type
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<literal>\*</literal>). </para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>It requires that you remember rules for
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<emphasis>precedence</emphasis> (What does <literal>x|y*</literal>
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match? a single <literal>x</literal> or a number of
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<literal>y</literal>, <emphasis>OR</emphasis> a number of
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<literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal>'s mixed?)</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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The regular expression editor, on the other hand, lets you
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<emphasis>draw</emphasis> your regular expression in an unambiguous
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way. The editor solves at least item two and three above. It might not make
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regular expressions available for the non-programmers, though only tests by
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users can tell that. So, if are you a non programmer, who has gained the
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power of regular expression from this editor, then please
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<ulink url="mailto:blackie@kde.org">let me know</ulink>.
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</para>
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</chapter>
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<!-- What is a Regular Expression -->
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<chapter id="whatIsARegExp">
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<title>What is a Regular Expression</title>
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<para>A regular expression is a way to specify
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<emphasis>conditions</emphasis> to be fulfilled for a situation
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in mind. Normally when you search in a text editor you specify
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the text to search for <emphasis>literally</emphasis>, using a
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regular expression, on the other hand, you tell what a given
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match would look like. Examples of this include <emphasis>I'm
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searching for the word KDE, but only at the beginning of the
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line</emphasis>, or <emphasis>I'm searching for the word
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<literal>the</literal>, but it must stand on its own</emphasis>,
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or <emphasis>I'm searching for files starting with the word
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<literal>test</literal>, followed by a number of digits, for
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example <literal>test12</literal>, <literal>test107</literal>
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and <literal>test007</literal></emphasis></para>
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<para>You build regular expressions from smaller regular
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expressions, just like you build large Lego toys from smaller
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subparts. As in the Lego world, there are a number of basic
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building blocks. In the following I will describe each of these
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basic building blocks using a number of examples.</para>
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<example>
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<title>Searching for normal text.</title>
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<para>If you just want to search for a given text, a then regular
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expression is definitely not a good choice. The reason for this is that
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regular expressions assign special meaning to some characters. This
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includes the following characters: <literal>.*|$</literal>. Thus if you want to
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search for the text <literal>kde.</literal> (i.e. the characters
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<literal>kde</literal> followed by a period), then you would need to
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specify this as <literal>kde\.</literal><footnote><para>The regular
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expression editor solves this problem by taking care of escape rules for
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you.</para></footnote> Writing <literal>\.</literal> rather than just
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<literal>.</literal> is called <emphasis>escaping</emphasis>.
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</para>
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</example>
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<example id="positionregexp">
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<title>Matching URLs</title>
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<para>When you select something looking like a URL in KDE, then the
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program <command>klipper</command> will offer to start
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<command>konqueror</command> with the selected URL.</para>
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<para><command>Klipper</command> does this by matching the selection
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against several different regular expressions, when one of the regular
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expressions matches, the accommodating command will be offered.</para>
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<para>The regular expression for URLs says (among other things), that the
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selection must start with the text <literal>http://</literal>. This is
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described using regular expressions by prefixing the text
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<literal>http://</literal> with a hat (the <literal>^</literal>
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character).</para>
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<para>The above is an example of matching positions using regular
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expressions. Similar, the position <emphasis>end-of-line</emphasis> can
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be matched using the character <literal>$</literal> (i.e. a dollar
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sign).</para>
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</example>
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<example id="boundaryregexp">
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<title>Searching for the word <literal>the</literal>, but not
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<emphasis>the</emphasis><literal>re</literal>,
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<literal>brea</literal><emphasis>the</emphasis> or
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<literal>ano</literal><emphasis>the</emphasis><literal>r</literal></title>
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<para>Two extra position types can be matches in the above way,
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namely <emphasis>the position at a word boundary</emphasis>, and
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<emphasis>the position at a <emphasis>non</emphasis>-word
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boundary</emphasis>. The positions are specified using the text
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<literal>\b</literal> (for word-boundary) and <literal>\B</literal> (for
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non-word boundary)<emphasis></emphasis></para>
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<para>Thus, searching for the word <literal>the</literal> can be done
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using the regular expression <literal>\bthe\b</literal>. This specifies
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that we are searching for <literal>the</literal> with no letters on each
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side of it (i.e. with a word boundary on each side)</para>
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<para>The four position matching regular expressions are inserted in the
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regular expression editor using <link linkend="positiontool">four
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different positions tool</link></para>
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</example>
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<example id="altnregexp">
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<title>Searching for either <literal>this</literal> or <literal>that</literal></title>
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<para>Imagine that you want to run through your document searching for
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either the word <literal>this</literal> or the word
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<literal>that</literal>. With a normal search method you could do this in
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two sweeps, the first time around, you would search for
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<literal>this</literal>, and the second time around you would search for
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<literal>that</literal>.</para>
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<para>Using regular expression searches you would search for both in the
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same sweep. You do this by searching for
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<literal>this|that</literal>. I.e. separating the two words with a
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vertical bar.<footnote><para>Note on each side of the vertical bar is a
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regular expression, so this feature is not only for searching for two
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different pieces of text, but for searching for two different regular
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expressions.</para></footnote></para>
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<para>In the regular expression editor you do not write the vertical bar
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yourself, but instead select the <link linkend="altntool">alternative
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tool</link>, and insert the smaller regular expressions above each other.</para>
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</example>
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<example id="repeatregexp">
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<title>Matching anything</title>
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<para>Regular expressions are often compared to wildcard matching in the
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shell - that is the capability to specify a number of files using the
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asterisk. You will most likely recognize wildcard matching from the
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following examples:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><literal>ls *.txt</literal> - here <literal>*.txt</literal> is
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the shell wildcard matching every file ending with the
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<literal>.txt</literal> extension.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><literal>cat test??.res</literal> - matching every file starting with
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<literal>test</literal> followed by two arbitrary characters, and finally
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followed by the test <literal>.res</literal></para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>In the shell the asterisk matches any character any number of
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times. In other words, the asterisk matches <emphasis>anything</emphasis>.
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This is written like <literal>.*</literal> with regular expression
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syntax. The dot matches any single character, i.e. just
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<emphasis>one</emphasis> character, and the asterisk, says that the
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regular expression prior to it should be matched any number of
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times. Together this says any single character any number of
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times.</para>
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<para>This may seem overly complicated, but when you get the larger
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picture you will see the power. Let me show you another basic regular
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expression: <literal>a</literal>. The letter <literal>a</literal> on its
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own is a regular expression that matches a single letter, namely the
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letter <literal>a</literal>. If we combine this with the asterisk,
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i.e. <literal>a*</literal>, then we have a regular expression matching
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any number of a's.</para>
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<para>We can combine several regular expression after each
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other, for example <literal>ba(na)*</literal>.
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<footnote><para><literal>(na)*</literal> just says that what is inside
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the parenthesis is repeated any number of times.</para></footnote>
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Imagine you had typed this regular expression into the search field in a
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text editor, then you would have found the following words (among
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others): <literal>ba</literal>, <literal>bana</literal>,
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<literal>banana</literal>, <literal>bananananananana</literal>
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</para>
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<para>Given the information above, it hopefully isn't hard for you to write the
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shell wildcard <literal>test??.res</literal> as a regular expression
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Answer: <literal>test..\.res</literal>. The dot on its own is any
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character. To match a single dot you must write
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<literal>\.</literal><footnote><para>This is called escaping</para></footnote>. In
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other word, the regular expression <literal>\.</literal> matches a dot,
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while a dot on its own matches any character. </para>
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<para>In the regular expression editor, a repeated regular expression is
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created using the <link linkend="repeattool">repeat tool</link> </para>
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</example>
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<example id="lookaheadregexp">
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<title>Replacing <literal>&</literal> with
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<literal>&amp;</literal> in a HTML document</title> <para>In
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HTML the special character <literal>&</literal> must be
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written as <literal>&amp;</literal> - this is similar to
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escaping in regular expressions.</para>
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<para>Imagine that you have written an HTML document in a normal editor
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(e.g. XEmacs or Kate), and you totally forgot about this rule. What you
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would do when realized your mistake was to replace every occurrences of
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<literal>&</literal> with <literal>&amp;</literal>.</para>
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<para>This can easily be done using normal search and replace,
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there is, however, one glitch. Imagine that you did remember
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this rule - <emphasis>just a bit</emphasis> - and did it right
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in some places. Replacing unconditionally would result in
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<literal>&amp;</literal> being replaced with
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<literal>&amp;amp;</literal></para>
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<para>What you really want to say is that <literal>&</literal> should
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only be replaced if it is <emphasis>not</emphasis> followed by the letters
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<literal>amp;</literal>. You can do this using regular expressions using
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<emphasis>positive lookahead</emphasis>. </para>
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<para>The regular expression, which only matches an ampersand if it is
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not followed by the letters <literal>amp;</literal> looks as follows:
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<literal>&(?!amp;)</literal>. This is, of course, easier to read using
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the regular expression editor, where you would use the
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<link linkend="lookaheadtools">lookahead tools</link>.</para>
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</example>
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</chapter>
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<!-- Using the Regular Expression Editor -->
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<chapter id="theEditor">
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<title>Using the Regular Expression Editor</title>
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<para>
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This chapter will tell you about how the regular expression editor works.
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</para>
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<!-- The organization of the screen -->
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<sect1 id="screenorganization">
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<title>The organization of the screen</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="theEditor.png"/></imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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<para>The most important part of the editor is of course the editing
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area, this is the area where you draw your regular expression. This
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area is the larger gray one in the middle.</para>
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<para>Above the editing area you have two Toolbars, the first one
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contains the <link linkend="editingtools">editing actions</link> -
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much like drawing tools in a drawing program. The second Toolbar
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contains the <emphasis>whats this</emphasis> button, and buttons
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for undo and redo.</para>
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<para>Below the editing area you find the regular expression
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currently build, in the so called ascii syntax. The ascii syntax
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is updated while you edit the regular expression in the graphical
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editor. If you rather want to update the ascii syntax then please
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do, the graphical editor is updated on the fly to reflect your
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changes.</para>
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<para>Finally to the left of the editor area you will find a number
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of pre-built regular expressions. They serve two purposes: (1) When
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you load the editor with a regular expression then this regular
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expression is made <emphasis>nicer</emphasis> or more comprehensive
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by replacing common regular expressions. In the screen dump above,
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you can see how the ascii syntax ".*" have been replaced with a box
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saying "anything". (2) When you insert regular expression you may
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find building blocks for your own regular expression from the set of
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pre build regular expressions. See the section on
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<link linkend="userdefinedregexps">user defined regular
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expressions</link> to learn how to save your own regular expressions.</para>
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</sect1>
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<!-- Editing Tools -->
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<!-- ====================================================================== -->
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<sect1 id="editingtools">
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<title>Editing Tools</title>
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<para>The text in this section expects that you have read the chapter
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on <link linkend="whatIsARegExp">what a regular expression
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is</link>, or have previous knowledge on this subject.</para>
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<para>All the editing tools are located in the tool bar above
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editing area. Each of them will be described in the following.</para>
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<simplesect id="selecttool">
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<title>Selection Tool</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="select.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para> The selection tool is used to
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mark elements for cut-and-paste and drag-and-drop. This is very
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similar to a selection tool in any drawing program.</para>
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</simplesect>
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<simplesect id="texttool"><title>Text Tool</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="text.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="texttool.png"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
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<para>Using this tool you will insert normal text to match. The
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text is matched literally, i.e. you do not have to worry about
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escaping of special characters. In the example above the following
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regular expression will be build: <literal>abc\*\\\)</literal></para>
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</simplesect>
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<simplesect id="characterstool"><title>Character Tool</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="characters.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="charactertool.png"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
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<para> Using this tool you insert
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character ranges. Examples includes what in ASCII text says
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<literal>[0-9]</literal>, <literal>[^a-zA-Z,_]</literal>. When
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inserting an item with this tool a dialog will appear, in which
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you specify the character ranges.</para>
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<para>See description of <link linkend="repeatregexp">repeated
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regular expressions</link>.</para>
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</simplesect>
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<simplesect id="anychartool"><title>Any Character Tool</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="anychar.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="anychartool.png"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
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<para>This is the regular expression "dot" (.). It matches any
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single character.</para>
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</simplesect>
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<simplesect id="repeattool"><title>Repeat Tool</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="repeat.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="repeattool.png"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
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<para>This is the repeated
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elements. This includes what in ASCII syntax is represented
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using an asterix (*), a plus (+), a question mark (?), and
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ranges ({3,5}). When you insert an item using this tool, a
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dialog will appear asking for the number of times to
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repeat.</para>
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<para>You specify what to repeat by drawing the repeated content
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inside the box which this tool inserts.</para>
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<para>Repeated elements can both be built from the outside in and
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the inside
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out. That is you can first draw what to be repeated, select it
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and use the repeat tool to repeat it. Alternatively you can
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first insert the repeat element, and draw what is to be repeated
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inside it.</para>
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<para>See description on the <link linkend="repeatregexp">repeated
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regular expressions</link>.</para>
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</simplesect>
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<simplesect id="altntool"><title>Alternative Tool</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="altn.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="altntool.png"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
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<para>This is the alternative regular expression (|). You specify
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the alternatives by drawing each alternative on top of each other
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inside the box that this tool inserts.</para>
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<para>See description on <link linkend="altnregexp">alternative
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regular expressions</link></para>
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</simplesect>
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<simplesect id="compoundtool"><title>Compound Tool</title>
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<mediaobject><imageobject>
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<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="compound.png"/>
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</imageobject></mediaobject>
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<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="compoundtool.png"/>
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</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
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<para>The compound tool does not represent any regular
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expressions. It is used to group other sub parts together in a
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box, which easily can be collapsed to only its title. This can be
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seen in the right part of the screen dump above.</para>
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</simplesect>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<simplesect id="positiontool"><title>Line Start/End Tools</title>
|
|
<mediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="begline.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></mediaobject>
|
|
<mediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="endline.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></mediaobject>
|
|
<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="linestartendtool.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The line start and line end tools matches the start of the
|
|
line, and the end of the line respectively. The regular
|
|
expression in the screen dump above thus matches lines only
|
|
matches spaces.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>See description of <link linkend="positionregexp">position
|
|
regular expressions</link>.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<simplesect><title>Word (Non)Boundary Tools</title>
|
|
<mediaobject><imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata format="PNG" fileref="wordboundary.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></mediaobject>
|
|
<mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="nonwordboundary.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></mediaobject>
|
|
<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata format="PNG" fileref="boundarytools.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The boundary tools matches a word boundary respectively a
|
|
non-word boundary. The regular expression in the screen dump thus
|
|
matches any words starting with <literal>the</literal>. The word
|
|
<literal>the</literal> itself is, however, not matched.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>See description of <link linkend="boundaryregexp">boundary
|
|
regular expressions</link>.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<simplesect id="lookaheadtools"><title>Positive/Negative Lookahead
|
|
Tools</title>
|
|
<mediaobject><imageobject> <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="poslookahead.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></mediaobject>
|
|
<mediaobject><imageobject> <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="neglookahead.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></mediaobject>
|
|
|
|
<para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject> <imagedata format="PNG" fileref="lookaheadtools.png"/>
|
|
</imageobject></inlinemediaobject></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The look ahead tools either specify a positive or negative
|
|
regular expression to match. The match is, however, not part of
|
|
the total match.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note: You are only allowed to place lookaheads at the end
|
|
of the regular expressions. The Regular Expression Editor widget
|
|
does not enforce this.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>See description of <link linkend="lookaheadregexp">look ahead
|
|
regular expressions</link>.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- User Defined Regular Expressions -->
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<sect1 id="userdefinedregexps">
|
|
<title>User Defined Regular Expressions</title>
|
|
<para>Located at the left of the editing area is a list box
|
|
containing user defined regular expressions. Some regular
|
|
expressions are pre-installed with your KDE installation, while
|
|
others you can save yourself.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>These regular expression serves two purposes
|
|
(<link linkend="screenorganization">see detailed
|
|
description</link>), namely (1) to offer you a set of building
|
|
block and (2) to make common regular expressions prettier.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can save your own regular expressions by right clicking the
|
|
mouse button in the editing area, and choosing <literal>Save Regular
|
|
Expression</literal>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the regular expression you save is within a
|
|
<link linkend="compoundtool">compound container</link> then the
|
|
regular expression will take part in making subsequent regular
|
|
expressions prettier.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>User defined regular expressions can be deleted or renamed by
|
|
pressing the right mouse button on top of the regular expression in
|
|
question in the list box.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- Reporting a bug and Suggesting Features -->
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<chapter id="bugreport">
|
|
<title>Reporting bugs and Suggesting Features</title>
|
|
<para>Bug reports and feature requests should be submitted through the
|
|
<ulink url="http://bugs.kde.org/">KDE Bug Tracking System</ulink>. <emphasis
|
|
role="strong">Before</emphasis> you report a bug or suggest a feature,
|
|
please check that it hasn't already been
|
|
<ulink url="http://bugs.kde.org/simple_search.cgi?id=kregexpeditor">reported/suggested.</ulink></para>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- FAQ -->
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<chapter id="faq">
|
|
<title>Frequently Asked Questions</title>
|
|
<sect1 id="question1">
|
|
<title>Does the regular expression editor support back references?</title>
|
|
<para>No currently this is not supported. It is planned for the next
|
|
version.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="question2">
|
|
<title>Does the regular expression editor support showing matches?</title>
|
|
<para>No, hopefully this will be available in the next version.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="question3">
|
|
<title>I'm the author of a KDE program, how can I use this widget in
|
|
my application?</title>
|
|
<para>See <ulink
|
|
url="http://developer.kde.org/documentation/library/cvs-api/classref/interfaces/KRegExpEditorInterface.html">The documentation for the class KRegExpEditorInterface</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="question4">
|
|
<title>I can't find the <emphasis>Edit Regular expression</emphasis> button in for example
|
|
konqueror on another KDE3 installation, why?</title>
|
|
<para>The regular expression widget is located in the package
|
|
KDE-utils. If you do not have this package installed, then the
|
|
<emphasis>edit regular expressions</emphasis> buttons will not
|
|
appear in the programs.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<!-- Credits and Licenses -->
|
|
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
|
|
<chapter id="credits-and-license">
|
|
<title>Credits and Licenses</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Documentation is copyright 2001, Jesper K. Pedersen
|
|
<email>blackie@kde.org</email>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
&underGPL;
|
|
&underFDL;
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</book>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-omittag:t
|
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
|
sgml-namecase-general:t
|
|
sgml-general-insert-case:lower
|
|
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
|
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
|
sgml-indent-step:2
|
|
sgml-indent-data:t
|
|
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
|
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
|
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
|
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
|
End:
|
|
-->
|