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641 lines
54 KiB
641 lines
54 KiB
10 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE tdeveloptoc>
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<tdeveloptoc>
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<title>Python 3</title>
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<base href="https://docs.python.org/3"/>
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<tocsect1 name="Tutorial" url="tutorial/index.html">
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<tocsect2 name="1. Whetting Your Appetite" url="tutorial/appetite.html"/>
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<tocsect2 name="2. Using the Python Interpreter" url="tutorial/interpreter.html">
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<tocsect3 name="2.1. Invoking the Interpreter" url="tutorial/interpreter.html#invoking-the-interpreter"/>
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<tocsect3 name="2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment" url="tutorial/interpreter.html#the-interpreter-and-its-environment"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="3. An Informal Introduction to Python" url="tutorial/introduction.html">
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<tocsect3 name="3.1. Using Python as a Calculator" url="tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator"/>
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<tocsect3 name="3.2. First Steps Towards Programming" url="tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-programming"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="4. More Control Flow Tools" url="tutorial/controlflow.html">
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<tocsect3 name="4.1. if Statements" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.2. for Statements" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.3. The range() Function" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#the-range-function"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-statements-and-else-clauses-on-loops"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.5. pass Statements" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#pass-statements"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.6. Defining Functions" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.7. More on Defining Functions" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#intermezzo-coding-style"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="5. Data Structures" url="tutorial/datastructures.html">
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<tocsect3 name="5.1. More on Lists" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.2. The del statement" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#the-del-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.3. Tuples and Sequences" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#tuples-and-sequences"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.4. Sets" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#sets"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.5. Dictionaries" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.6. Looping Techniques" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.7. More on Conditions" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-conditions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#comparing-sequences-and-other-types"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="6. Modules" url="tutorial/modules.html">
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<tocsect3 name="6.1. More on Modules" url="tutorial/modules.html#more-on-modules"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.2. Standard Modules" url="tutorial/modules.html#standard-modules"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.3. The dir() Function" url="tutorial/modules.html#the-dir-function"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.4. Packages" url="tutorial/modules.html#packages"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="7. Input and Output" url="tutorial/inputoutput.html">
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<tocsect3 name="7.1. Fancier Output Formatting" url="tutorial/inputoutput.html#fancier-output-formatting"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.2. Reading and Writing Files" url="tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="8. Errors and Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html">
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<tocsect3 name="8.1. Syntax Errors" url="tutorial/errors.html#syntax-errors"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.2. Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#exceptions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.3. Handling Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#handling-exceptions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.4. Raising Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#raising-exceptions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.5. User-defined Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#user-defined-exceptions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions" url="tutorial/errors.html#defining-clean-up-actions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions" url="tutorial/errors.html#predefined-clean-up-actions"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="9. Classes" url="tutorial/classes.html">
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<tocsect3 name="9.1. A Word About Names and Objects" url="tutorial/classes.html#a-word-about-names-and-objects"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces" url="tutorial/classes.html#python-scopes-and-namespaces"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.3. A First Look at Classes" url="tutorial/classes.html#a-first-look-at-classes"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.4. Random Remarks" url="tutorial/classes.html#random-remarks"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.5. Inheritance" url="tutorial/classes.html#inheritance"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.6. Private Variables" url="tutorial/classes.html#private-variables"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.7. Odds and Ends" url="tutorial/classes.html#odds-and-ends"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too" url="tutorial/classes.html#exceptions-are-classes-too"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.9. Iterators" url="tutorial/classes.html#iterators"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.10. Generators" url="tutorial/classes.html#generators"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.11. Generator Expressions" url="tutorial/classes.html#generator-expressions"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library" url="tutorial/stdlib.html">
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<tocsect3 name="10.1. Operating System Interface" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#operating-system-interface"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.2. File Wildcards" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#file-wildcards"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.3. Command Line Arguments" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#command-line-arguments"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#error-output-redirection-and-program-termination"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.5. String Pattern Matching" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#string-pattern-matching"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.6. Mathematics" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#mathematics"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.7. Internet Access" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#internet-access"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.8. Dates and Times" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#dates-and-times"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.9. Data Compression" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#data-compression"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.10. Performance Measurement" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#performance-measurement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.11. Quality Control" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#quality-control"/>
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<tocsect3 name="10.12. Batteries Included" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#batteries-included"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html">
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<tocsect3 name="11.1. Output Formatting" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#output-formatting"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.2. Templating" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#templating"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#working-with-binary-data-record-layouts"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.4. Multi-threading" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#multi-threading"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.5. Logging" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#logging"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.6. Weak References" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#weak-references"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.7. Tools for Working with Lists" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#tools-for-working-with-lists"/>
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<tocsect3 name="11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#decimal-floating-point-arithmetic"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="12. What Now?" url="tutorial/whatnow.html"/>
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<tocsect2 name="13. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution" url="tutorial/interactive.html">
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<tocsect3 name="13.1. Tab Completion and History Editing" url="tutorial/interactive.html#tab-completion-and-history-editing"/>
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<tocsect3 name="13.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter" url="tutorial/interactive.html#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations" url="tutorial/floatingpoint.html">
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<tocsect3 name="14.1. Representation Error" url="tutorial/floatingpoint.html#representation-error"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="15. Appendix" url="tutorial/appendix.html">
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<tocsect3 name="15.1. Interactive Mode" url="tutorial/appendix.html#interactive-mode"/>
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</tocsect2>
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</tocsect1>
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<tocsect1 name="Language Reference" url="reference/index.html">
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<tocsect2 name="1. Introduction" url="reference/introduction.html">
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<tocsect3 name="1.1. Alternate Implementations" url="reference/introduction.html#alternate-implementations"/>
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<tocsect3 name="1.2. Notation" url="reference/introduction.html#notation"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="2. Lexical analysis" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html">
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<tocsect3 name="2.1. Line structure" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#line-structure"/>
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<tocsect3 name="2.2. Other tokens" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#other-tokens"/>
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<tocsect3 name="2.3. Identifiers and keywords" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers"/>
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<tocsect3 name="2.4. Literals" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#literals"/>
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<tocsect3 name="2.5. Operators" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators"/>
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<tocsect3 name="2.6. Delimiters" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#delimiters"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="3. Data model" url="reference/datamodel.html">
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<tocsect3 name="3.1. Objects, values and types" url="reference/datamodel.html#objects-values-and-types"/>
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<tocsect3 name="3.2. The standard type hierarchy" url="reference/datamodel.html#the-standard-type-hierarchy"/>
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<tocsect3 name="3.3. Special method names" url="reference/datamodel.html#special-method-names"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="4. Execution model" url="reference/executionmodel.html">
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<tocsect3 name="4.1. Naming and binding" url="reference/executionmodel.html#naming-and-binding"/>
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<tocsect3 name="4.2. Exceptions" url="reference/executionmodel.html#exceptions"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="5. The import system" url="reference/import.html">
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<tocsect3 name="5.1. importlib" url="reference/import.html#importlib"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.2. Packages" url="reference/import.html#packages"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.3. Searching" url="reference/import.html#searching"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.4. Loading" url="reference/import.html#loading"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.5. The Path Based Finder" url="reference/import.html#the-path-based-finder"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.6. Replacing the standard import system" url="reference/import.html#replacing-the-standard-import-system"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.7. Special considerations for __main__" url="reference/import.html#special-considerations-for-main"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.8. Open issues" url="reference/import.html#open-issues"/>
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<tocsect3 name="5.9. References" url="reference/import.html#references"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="6. Expressions" url="reference/expressions.html">
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<tocsect3 name="6.1. Arithmetic conversions" url="reference/expressions.html#arithmetic-conversions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.2. Atoms" url="reference/expressions.html#atoms"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.3. Primaries" url="reference/expressions.html#primaries"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.4. The power operator" url="reference/expressions.html#the-power-operator"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.5. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations" url="reference/expressions.html#unary-arithmetic-and-bitwise-operations"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.6. Binary arithmetic operations" url="reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.7. Shifting operations" url="reference/expressions.html#shifting-operations"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.8. Binary bitwise operations" url="reference/expressions.html#binary-bitwise-operations"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.9. Comparisons" url="reference/expressions.html#not-in"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.10. Boolean operations" url="reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.11. Conditional expressions" url="reference/expressions.html#conditional-expressions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.12. Lambdas" url="reference/expressions.html#lambda"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.13. Expression lists" url="reference/expressions.html#expression-lists"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.14. Evaluation order" url="reference/expressions.html#evaluation-order"/>
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<tocsect3 name="6.15. Operator precedence" url="reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="7. Simple statements" url="reference/simple_stmts.html">
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<tocsect3 name="7.1. Expression statements" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#expression-statements"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.2. Assignment statements" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.3. The assert statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-assert-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.4. The pass statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-pass-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.5. The del statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-del-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.6. The return statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.7. The yield statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-yield-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.8. The raise statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-raise-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.9. The break statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-break-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.10. The continue statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-continue-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.11. The import statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.12. The global statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-global-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="7.13. The nonlocal statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-nonlocal-statement"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="8. Compound statements" url="reference/compound_stmts.html">
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<tocsect3 name="8.1. The if statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-if-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.2. The while statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-while-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.3. The for statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-for-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.4. The try statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-try-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.5. The with statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-with-statement"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.6. Function definitions" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#function-definitions"/>
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<tocsect3 name="8.7. Class definitions" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#class-definitions"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="9. Top-level components" url="reference/toplevel_components.html">
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<tocsect3 name="9.1. Complete Python programs" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#complete-python-programs"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.2. File input" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#file-input"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.3. Interactive input" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#interactive-input"/>
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<tocsect3 name="9.4. Expression input" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#expression-input"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="10. Full Grammar specification" url="reference/grammar.html"/>
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</tocsect1>
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<tocsect1 name="Extending and Embedding" url="extending/index.html">
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<tocsect2 name="Creating extensions without third party tools" url="extending/index.html#creating-extensions-without-third-party-tools">
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<tocsect3 name="1. Extending Python with C or C++" url="extending/extending.html">
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<tocsect4 name="1.1. A Simple Example" url="extending/extending.html#a-simple-example"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.2. Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions" url="extending/extending.html#intermezzo-errors-and-exceptions"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.3. Back to the Example" url="extending/extending.html#back-to-the-example"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.4. The Module’s Method Table and Initialization Function" url="extending/extending.html#the-module-s-method-table-and-initialization-function"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.5. Compilation and Linkage" url="extending/extending.html#compilation-and-linkage"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.6. Calling Python Functions from C" url="extending/extending.html#calling-python-functions-from-c"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.7. Extracting Parameters in Extension Functions" url="extending/extending.html#extracting-parameters-in-extension-functions"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.8. Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions" url="extending/extending.html#keyword-parameters-for-extension-functions"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.9. Building Arbitrary Values" url="extending/extending.html#building-arbitrary-values"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.10. Reference Counts" url="extending/extending.html#reference-counts"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.11. Writing Extensions in C++" url="extending/extending.html#writing-extensions-in-c"/>
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<tocsect4 name="1.12. Providing a C API for an Extension Module" url="extending/extending.html#providing-a-c-api-for-an-extension-module"/>
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</tocsect3>
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<tocsect3 name="2. Defining New Types" url="extending/newtypes.html">
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<tocsect4 name="2.1. The Basics" url="extending/newtypes.html#the-basics"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="2.2. Type Methods" url="extending/newtypes.html#type-methods"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect3>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="3. Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils" url="extending/building.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="3.1. Distributing your extension modules" url="extending/building.html#distributing-your-extension-modules"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect3>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4. Building C and C++ Extensions on Windows" url="extending/windows.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="4.1. A Cookbook Approach" url="extending/windows.html#a-cookbook-approach"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="4.2. Differences Between Unix and Windows" url="extending/windows.html#differences-between-unix-and-windows"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="4.3. Using DLLs in Practice" url="extending/windows.html#using-dlls-in-practice"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect3>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger application" url="extending/index.html#embedding-the-cpython-runtime-in-a-larger-application">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="1. Embedding Python in Another Application" url="extending/embedding.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="1.1. Very High Level Embedding" url="extending/embedding.html#very-high-level-embedding"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="1.2. Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview" url="extending/embedding.html#beyond-very-high-level-embedding-an-overview"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="1.3. Pure Embedding" url="extending/embedding.html#pure-embedding"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="1.4. Extending Embedded Python" url="extending/embedding.html#extending-embedded-python"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="1.5. Embedding Python in C++" url="extending/embedding.html#embedding-python-in-c"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect4 name="1.6. Compiling and Linking under Unix-like systems" url="extending/embedding.html#compiling-and-linking-under-unix-like-systems"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect3>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tocsect1 name="Python/C API Reference" url="c-api/index.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Introduction" url="c-api/intro.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Include Files" url="c-api/intro.html#include-files"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Objects, Types and Reference Counts" url="c-api/intro.html#objects-types-and-reference-counts"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Exceptions" url="c-api/intro.html#exceptions"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Embedding Python" url="c-api/intro.html#embedding-python"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Debugging Builds" url="c-api/intro.html#debugging-builds"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Stable Application Binary Interface" url="c-api/stable.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="The Very High Level Layer" url="c-api/veryhigh.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Reference Counting" url="c-api/refcounting.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Exception Handling" url="c-api/exceptions.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Exception Objects" url="c-api/exceptions.html#exception-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Unicode Exception Objects" url="c-api/exceptions.html#unicode-exception-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Recursion Control" url="c-api/exceptions.html#recursion-control"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Standard Exceptions" url="c-api/exceptions.html#standard-exceptions"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Utilities" url="c-api/utilities.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Operating System Utilities" url="c-api/sys.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="System Functions" url="c-api/sys.html#system-functions"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Process Control" url="c-api/sys.html#process-control"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Importing Modules" url="c-api/import.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Data marshalling support" url="c-api/marshal.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Parsing arguments and building values" url="c-api/arg.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="String conversion and formatting" url="c-api/conversion.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Reflection" url="c-api/reflection.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Codec registry and support functions" url="c-api/codec.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Abstract Objects Layer" url="c-api/abstract.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Object Protocol" url="c-api/object.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Number Protocol" url="c-api/number.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Sequence Protocol" url="c-api/sequence.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Mapping Protocol" url="c-api/mapping.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Iterator Protocol" url="c-api/iter.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Buffer Protocol" url="c-api/buffer.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Old Buffer Protocol" url="c-api/objbuffer.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Concrete Objects Layer" url="c-api/concrete.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Fundamental Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#fundamental-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Numeric Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#numeric-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Sequence Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#sequence-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Container Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#container-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Function Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#function-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Other Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#other-objects"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Initialization, Finalization, and Threads" url="c-api/init.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Initializing and finalizing the interpreter" url="c-api/init.html#initializing-and-finalizing-the-interpreter"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Process-wide parameters" url="c-api/init.html#process-wide-parameters"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock" url="c-api/init.html#thread-state-and-the-global-interpreter-lock"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Sub-interpreter support" url="c-api/init.html#sub-interpreter-support"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Asynchronous Notifications" url="c-api/init.html#asynchronous-notifications"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Profiling and Tracing" url="c-api/init.html#profiling-and-tracing"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Advanced Debugger Support" url="c-api/init.html#advanced-debugger-support"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Memory Management" url="c-api/memory.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Overview" url="c-api/memory.html#overview"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Raw Memory Interface" url="c-api/memory.html#raw-memory-interface"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Memory Interface" url="c-api/memory.html#memory-interface"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Customize Memory Allocators" url="c-api/memory.html#customize-memory-allocators"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Customize PyObject Arena Allocator" url="c-api/memory.html#customize-pyobject-arena-allocator"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Examples" url="c-api/memory.html#examples"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="Object Implementation Support" url="c-api/objimpl.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Allocating Objects on the Heap" url="c-api/allocation.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Common Object Structures" url="c-api/structures.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Type Objects" url="c-api/typeobj.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Number Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#number-object-structures"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Mapping Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#mapping-object-structures"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Sequence Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#sequence-object-structures"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Buffer Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#buffer-object-structures"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection" url="c-api/gcsupport.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="API and ABI Versioning" url="c-api/apiabiversion.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tocsect1 name="Library" url="library/index.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="1. Introduction" url="library/intro.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="2. Built-in Functions" url="library/functions.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="3. Built-in Constants" url="library/constants.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="3.1. Constants added by the site module" url="library/constants.html#constants-added-by-the-site-module"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="4. Built-in Types" url="library/stdtypes.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.1. Truth Value Testing" url="library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.2. Boolean Operations — and, or, not" url="library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.3. Comparisons" url="library/stdtypes.html#comparisons"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.4. Numeric Types — int, float, complex" url="library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.5. Iterator Types" url="library/stdtypes.html#iterator-types"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.6. Sequence Types — list, tuple, range" url="library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.7. Text Sequence Type — str" url="library/stdtypes.html#text-sequence-type-str"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.8. Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryview" url="library/stdtypes.html#binary-sequence-types-bytes-bytearray-memoryview"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.9. Set Types — set, frozenset" url="library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.10. Mapping Types — dict" url="library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.11. Context Manager Types" url="library/stdtypes.html#context-manager-types"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.12. Other Built-in Types" url="library/stdtypes.html#other-built-in-types"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="4.13. Special Attributes" url="library/stdtypes.html#special-attributes"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="5. Built-in Exceptions" url="library/exceptions.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="5.1. Base classes" url="library/exceptions.html#base-classes"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="5.2. Concrete exceptions" url="library/exceptions.html#concrete-exceptions"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="5.3. Warnings" url="library/exceptions.html#warnings"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="5.4. Exception hierarchy" url="library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="6. Text Processing Services" url="library/text.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.1. string — Common string operations" url="library/string.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.2. re — Regular expression operations" url="library/re.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.3. difflib — Helpers for computing deltas" url="library/difflib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.4. textwrap — Text wrapping and filling" url="library/textwrap.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.5. unicodedata — Unicode Database" url="library/unicodedata.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.6. stringprep — Internet String Preparation" url="library/stringprep.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.7. readline — GNU readline interface" url="library/readline.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="6.8. rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline" url="library/rlcompleter.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="7. Binary Data Services" url="library/binary.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="7.1. struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary data" url="library/struct.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="7.2. codecs — Codec registry and base classes" url="library/codecs.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="8. Data Types" url="library/datatypes.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.1. datetime — Basic date and time types" url="library/datetime.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions" url="library/calendar.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.3. collections — Container datatypes" url="library/collections.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.4. collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers" url="library/collections.abc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.5. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" url="library/heapq.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.6. bisect — Array bisection algorithm" url="library/bisect.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.7. array — Efficient arrays of numeric values" url="library/array.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.8. weakref — Weak references" url="library/weakref.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.9. types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types" url="library/types.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.10. copy — Shallow and deep copy operations" url="library/copy.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.11. pprint — Data pretty printer" url="library/pprint.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.12. reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation" url="library/reprlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="8.13. enum — Support for enumerations" url="library/enum.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="9. Numeric and Mathematical Modules" url="library/numeric.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.1. numbers — Numeric abstract base classes" url="library/numbers.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.2. math — Mathematical functions" url="library/math.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.3. cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers" url="library/cmath.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.4. decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic" url="library/decimal.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.5. fractions — Rational numbers" url="library/fractions.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.6. random — Generate pseudo-random numbers" url="library/random.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="9.7. statistics — Mathematical statistics functions" url="library/statistics.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="10. Functional Programming Modules" url="library/functional.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="10.1. itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping" url="library/itertools.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="10.2. functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects" url="library/functools.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="10.3. operator — Standard operators as functions" url="library/operator.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="11. File and Directory Access" url="library/filesys.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.1. pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem paths" url="library/pathlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.2. os.path — Common pathname manipulations" url="library/os.path.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.3. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams" url="library/fileinput.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.4. stat — Interpreting stat() results" url="library/stat.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.5. filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons" url="library/filecmp.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.6. tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories" url="library/tempfile.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion" url="library/glob.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching" url="library/fnmatch.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.9. linecache — Random access to text lines" url="library/linecache.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.10. shutil — High-level file operations" url="library/shutil.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="11.11. macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions" url="library/macpath.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="12. Data Persistence" url="library/persistence.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="12.1. pickle — Python object serialization" url="library/pickle.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="12.2. copyreg — Register pickle support functions" url="library/copyreg.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="12.3. shelve — Python object persistence" url="library/shelve.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="12.4. marshal — Internal Python object serialization" url="library/marshal.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="12.5. dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases”" url="library/dbm.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="12.6. sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases" url="library/sqlite3.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="13. Data Compression and Archiving" url="library/archiving.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="13.1. zlib — Compression compatible with " url="library/zlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="13.2. gzip — Support for " url="library/gzip.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="13.3. bz2 — Support for " url="library/bz2.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="13.4. lzma — Compression using the LZMA algorithm" url="library/lzma.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="13.5. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives" url="library/zipfile.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="13.6. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files" url="library/tarfile.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="14. File Formats" url="library/fileformats.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="14.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing" url="library/csv.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="14.2. configparser — Configuration file parser" url="library/configparser.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="14.3. netrc — netrc file processing" url="library/netrc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="14.4. xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data" url="library/xdrlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="14.5. plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files" url="library/plistlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="15. Cryptographic Services" url="library/crypto.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="15.1. hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests" url="library/hashlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="15.2. hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication" url="library/hmac.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="16. Generic Operating System Services" url="library/allos.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces" url="library/os.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.2. io — Core tools for working with streams" url="library/io.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.3. time — Time access and conversions" url="library/time.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.4. argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands" url="library/argparse.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.5. optparse — Parser for command line options" url="library/optparse.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.6. getopt — C-style parser for command line options" url="library/getopt.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.7. logging — Logging facility for Python" url="library/logging.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.8. logging.config — Logging configuration" url="library/logging.config.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.9. logging.handlers — Logging handlers" url="library/logging.handlers.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.10. getpass — Portable password input" url="library/getpass.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.11. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays" url="library/curses.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.12. curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs" url="library/curses.html#module-curses.textpad"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.13. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters" url="library/curses.ascii.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.14. curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses" url="library/curses.panel.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.15. platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data" url="library/platform.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.16. errno — Standard errno system symbols" url="library/errno.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="16.17. ctypes — A foreign function library for Python" url="library/ctypes.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="17. Concurrent Execution" url="library/concurrency.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.1. threading — Thread-based parallelism" url="library/threading.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.2. multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism" url="library/multiprocessing.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.3. The concurrent package" url="library/concurrent.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.4. concurrent.futures — Launching parallel tasks" url="library/concurrent.futures.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.5. subprocess — Subprocess management" url="library/subprocess.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.6. sched — Event scheduler" url="library/sched.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.7. queue — A synchronized queue class" url="library/queue.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.8. dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module" url="library/dummy_threading.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.9. _thread — Low-level threading API" url="library/_thread.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="17.10. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module" url="library/_dummy_thread.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="18. Interprocess Communication and Networking" url="library/ipc.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.1. socket — Low-level networking interface" url="library/socket.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.2. ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects" url="library/ssl.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.3. select — Waiting for I/O completion" url="library/select.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.4. selectors – High-level I/O multiplexing" url="library/selectors.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.5. asyncio – Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks" url="library/asyncio.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler" url="library/asyncore.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.7. asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler" url="library/asynchat.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.8. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events" url="library/signal.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="18.9. mmap — Memory-mapped file support" url="library/mmap.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="19. Internet Data Handling" url="library/netdata.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.1. email — An email and MIME handling package" url="library/email.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.2. json — JSON encoder and decoder" url="library/json.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.3. mailcap — Mailcap file handling" url="library/mailcap.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.4. mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats" url="library/mailbox.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.5. mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types" url="library/mimetypes.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.6. base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings" url="library/base64.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.7. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files" url="library/binhex.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.8. binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII" url="library/binascii.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.9. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data" url="library/quopri.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="19.10. uu — Encode and decode uuencode files" url="library/uu.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="20. Structured Markup Processing Tools" url="library/markup.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.1. html — HyperText Markup Language support" url="library/html.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.2. html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser" url="library/html.parser.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.3. html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entities" url="library/html.entities.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.4. XML Processing Modules" url="library/xml.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.5. xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API" url="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.6. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API" url="library/xml.dom.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.7. xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation" url="library/xml.dom.minidom.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.8. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees" url="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.9. xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers" url="library/xml.sax.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.10. xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers" url="library/xml.sax.handler.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.11. xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities" url="library/xml.sax.utils.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.12. xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers" url="library/xml.sax.reader.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="20.13. xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat" url="library/pyexpat.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="21. Internet Protocols and Support" url="library/internet.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller" url="library/webbrowser.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support" url="library/cgi.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts" url="library/cgitb.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation" url="library/wsgiref.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.5. urllib — URL handling modules" url="library/urllib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.6. urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs" url="library/urllib.request.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.7. urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib" url="library/urllib.request.html#module-urllib.response"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.8. urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components" url="library/urllib.parse.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.9. urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request" url="library/urllib.error.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.10. urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt" url="library/urllib.robotparser.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.11. http — HTTP modules" url="library/http.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.12. http.client — HTTP protocol client" url="library/http.client.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.13. ftplib — FTP protocol client" url="library/ftplib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.14. poplib — POP3 protocol client" url="library/poplib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.15. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client" url="library/imaplib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client" url="library/nntplib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.17. smtplib — SMTP protocol client" url="library/smtplib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server" url="library/smtpd.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.19. telnetlib — Telnet client" url="library/telnetlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.20. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122" url="library/uuid.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.21. socketserver — A framework for network servers" url="library/socketserver.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.22. http.server — HTTP servers" url="library/http.server.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.23. http.cookies — HTTP state management" url="library/http.cookies.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.24. http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients" url="library/http.cookiejar.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.25. xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules" url="library/xmlrpc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.26. xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access" url="library/xmlrpc.client.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.27. xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers" url="library/xmlrpc.server.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="21.28. ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library" url="library/ipaddress.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="22. Multimedia Services" url="library/mm.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.1. audioop — Manipulate raw audio data" url="library/audioop.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.2. aifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC files" url="library/aifc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.3. sunau — Read and write Sun AU files" url="library/sunau.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.4. wave — Read and write WAV files" url="library/wave.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.5. chunk — Read IFF chunked data" url="library/chunk.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.6. colorsys — Conversions between color systems" url="library/colorsys.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.7. imghdr — Determine the type of an image" url="library/imghdr.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.8. sndhdr — Determine type of sound file" url="library/sndhdr.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="22.9. ossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices" url="library/ossaudiodev.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="23. Internationalization" url="library/i18n.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="23.1. gettext — Multilingual internationalization services" url="library/gettext.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="23.2. locale — Internationalization services" url="library/locale.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="24. Program Frameworks" url="library/frameworks.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="24.1. turtle — Turtle graphics" url="library/turtle.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="24.2. cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters" url="library/cmd.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="24.3. shlex — Simple lexical analysis" url="library/shlex.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="25. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk" url="library/tk.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="25.1. tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk" url="library/tkinter.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="25.2. tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgets" url="library/tkinter.ttk.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="25.3. tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk" url="library/tkinter.tix.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="25.4. tkinter.scrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widget" url="library/tkinter.scrolledtext.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="25.5. IDLE" url="library/idle.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="25.6. Other Graphical User Interface Packages" url="library/othergui.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="26. Development Tools" url="library/development.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.1. pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system" url="library/pydoc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.2. doctest — Test interactive Python examples" url="library/doctest.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.3. unittest — Unit testing framework" url="library/unittest.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.4. unittest.mock — mock object library" url="library/unittest.mock.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.5. unittest.mock — getting started" url="library/unittest.mock-examples.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.6. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" url="library/2to3.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.7. test — Regression tests package for Python" url="library/test.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="26.8. test.support — Utilities for the Python test suite" url="library/test.html#module-test.support"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="27. Debugging and Profiling" url="library/debug.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.1. bdb — Debugger framework" url="library/bdb.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.2. faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback" url="library/faulthandler.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.3. pdb — The Python Debugger" url="library/pdb.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.4. The Python Profilers" url="library/profile.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.5. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets" url="library/timeit.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.6. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution" url="library/trace.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.7. tracemalloc — Trace memory allocations" url="library/tracemalloc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.8. Examples" url="library/tracemalloc.html#examples"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="27.9. API" url="library/tracemalloc.html#api"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="28. Software Packaging and Distribution" url="library/distribution.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="28.1. distutils — Building and installing Python modules" url="library/distutils.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="28.2. ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer" url="library/ensurepip.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="28.3. venv — Creation of virtual environments" url="library/venv.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="29. Python Runtime Services" url="library/python.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions" url="library/sys.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.2. sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information" url="library/sysconfig.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.3. builtins — Built-in objects" url="library/builtins.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.4. __main__ — Top-level script environment" url="library/__main__.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.5. warnings — Warning control" url="library/warnings.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.6. contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts" url="library/contextlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.7. abc — Abstract Base Classes" url="library/abc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.8. atexit — Exit handlers" url="library/atexit.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.9. traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback" url="library/traceback.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.10. __future__ — Future statement definitions" url="library/__future__.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.11. gc — Garbage Collector interface" url="library/gc.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.12. inspect — Inspect live objects" url="library/inspect.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.13. site — Site-specific configuration hook" url="library/site.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="29.14. fpectl — Floating point exception control" url="library/fpectl.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="30. Custom Python Interpreters" url="library/custominterp.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="30.1. code — Interpreter base classes" url="library/code.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="30.2. codeop — Compile Python code" url="library/codeop.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="31. Importing Modules" url="library/modules.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="31.1. imp — Access the import internals" url="library/imp.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="31.2. zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives" url="library/zipimport.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="31.3. pkgutil — Package extension utility" url="library/pkgutil.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="31.4. modulefinder — Find modules used by a script" url="library/modulefinder.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="31.5. runpy — Locating and executing Python modules" url="library/runpy.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="31.6. importlib – The implementation of import" url="library/importlib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="32. Python Language Services" url="library/language.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.1. parser — Access Python parse trees" url="library/parser.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.2. ast — Abstract Syntax Trees" url="library/ast.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.3. symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables" url="library/symtable.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.4. symbol — Constants used with Python parse trees" url="library/symbol.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.5. token — Constants used with Python parse trees" url="library/token.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.6. keyword — Testing for Python keywords" url="library/keyword.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.7. tokenize — Tokenizer for Python source" url="library/tokenize.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.8. tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentation" url="library/tabnanny.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.9. pyclbr — Python class browser support" url="library/pyclbr.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files" url="library/py_compile.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.11. compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries" url="library/compileall.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode" url="library/dis.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="32.13. pickletools — Tools for pickle developers" url="library/pickletools.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="33. Miscellaneous Services" url="library/misc.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="33.1. formatter — Generic output formatting" url="library/formatter.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="34. MS Windows Specific Services" url="library/windows.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="34.1. msilib — Read and write Microsoft Installer files" url="library/msilib.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="34.2. msvcrt – Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime" url="library/msvcrt.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="34.3. winreg – Windows registry access" url="library/winreg.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="34.4. winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windows" url="library/winsound.html"/>
|
||
|
|
</tocsect2>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect2 name="35. Unix Specific Services" url="library/unix.html">
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="35.1. posix — The most common POSIX system calls" url="library/posix.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="35.2. pwd — The password database" url="library/pwd.html"/>
|
||
|
|
<tocsect3 name="35.3. spwd — The shadow password database" url="library/spwd.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.4. grp — The group database" url="library/grp.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.5. crypt — Function to check Unix passwords" url="library/crypt.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.6. termios — POSIX style tty control" url="library/termios.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.7. tty — Terminal control functions" url="library/tty.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.8. pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities" url="library/pty.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.9. fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls" url="library/fcntl.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.10. pipes — Interface to shell pipelines" url="library/pipes.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.11. resource — Resource usage information" url="library/resource.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.12. nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)" url="library/nis.html"/>
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<tocsect3 name="35.13. syslog — Unix syslog library routines" url="library/syslog.html"/>
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</tocsect2>
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<tocsect2 name="36. Undocumented Modules" url="library/undoc.html">
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<tocsect3 name="36.1. Platform specific modules" url="library/undoc.html#platform-specific-modules"/>
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</tocsect2>
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</tocsect1>
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||
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</tdeveloptoc>
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