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tdevelop/languages/python/doc/python2.toc

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<!DOCTYPE tdeveloptoc>
<tdeveloptoc>
<title>Python 2</title>
<base href="https://docs.python.org/2"/>
<tocsect1 name="Tutorial" url="tutorial/index.html">
<tocsect2 name="1. Whetting Your Appetite" url="tutorial/appetite.html"/>
<tocsect2 name="2. Using the Python Interpreter" url="tutorial/interpreter.html">
<tocsect3 name="2.1. Invoking the Interpreter" url="tutorial/interpreter.html#invoking-the-interpreter"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment" url="tutorial/interpreter.html#the-interpreter-and-its-environment"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="3. An Informal Introduction to Python" url="tutorial/introduction.html">
<tocsect3 name="3.1. Using Python as a Calculator" url="tutorial/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator"/>
<tocsect3 name="3.2. First Steps Towards Programming" url="tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-programming"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="4. More Control Flow Tools" url="tutorial/controlflow.html">
<tocsect3 name="4.1. if Statements" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.2. for Statements" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#for-statements"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.3. The range() Function" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#the-range-function"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-statements-and-else-clauses-on-loops"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.5. pass Statements" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#pass-statements"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.6. Defining Functions" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.7. More on Defining Functions" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#more-on-defining-functions"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style" url="tutorial/controlflow.html#intermezzo-coding-style"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="5. Data Structures" url="tutorial/datastructures.html">
<tocsect3 name="5.1. More on Lists" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.2. The del statement" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#the-del-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.3. Tuples and Sequences" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#tuples-and-sequences"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.4. Sets" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#sets"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.5. Dictionaries" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.6. Looping Techniques" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#looping-techniques"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.7. More on Conditions" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-conditions"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types" url="tutorial/datastructures.html#comparing-sequences-and-other-types"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="6. Modules" url="tutorial/modules.html">
<tocsect3 name="6.1. More on Modules" url="tutorial/modules.html#more-on-modules"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.2. Standard Modules" url="tutorial/modules.html#standard-modules"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.3. The dir() Function" url="tutorial/modules.html#the-dir-function"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.4. Packages" url="tutorial/modules.html#packages"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="7. Input and Output" url="tutorial/inputoutput.html">
<tocsect3 name="7.1. Fancier Output Formatting" url="tutorial/inputoutput.html#fancier-output-formatting"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.2. Reading and Writing Files" url="tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="8. Errors and Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html">
<tocsect3 name="8.1. Syntax Errors" url="tutorial/errors.html#syntax-errors"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.2. Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.3. Handling Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#handling-exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.4. Raising Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#raising-exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.5. User-defined Exceptions" url="tutorial/errors.html#user-defined-exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions" url="tutorial/errors.html#defining-clean-up-actions"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions" url="tutorial/errors.html#predefined-clean-up-actions"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="9. Classes" url="tutorial/classes.html">
<tocsect3 name="9.1. A Word About Names and Objects" url="tutorial/classes.html#a-word-about-names-and-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces" url="tutorial/classes.html#python-scopes-and-namespaces"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.3. A First Look at Classes" url="tutorial/classes.html#a-first-look-at-classes"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.4. Random Remarks" url="tutorial/classes.html#random-remarks"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.5. Inheritance" url="tutorial/classes.html#inheritance"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.6. Private Variables and Class-local References" url="tutorial/classes.html#private-variables-and-class-local-references"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.7. Odds and Ends" url="tutorial/classes.html#odds-and-ends"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too" url="tutorial/classes.html#exceptions-are-classes-too"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.9. Iterators" url="tutorial/classes.html#iterators"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.10. Generators" url="tutorial/classes.html#generators"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.11. Generator Expressions" url="tutorial/classes.html#generator-expressions"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library" url="tutorial/stdlib.html">
<tocsect3 name="10.1. Operating System Interface" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#operating-system-interface"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.2. File Wildcards" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#file-wildcards"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.3. Command Line Arguments" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#command-line-arguments"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#error-output-redirection-and-program-termination"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.5. String Pattern Matching" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#string-pattern-matching"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.6. Mathematics" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#mathematics"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.7. Internet Access" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#internet-access"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.8. Dates and Times" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#dates-and-times"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.9. Data Compression" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#data-compression"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.10. Performance Measurement" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#performance-measurement"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.11. Quality Control" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#quality-control"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.12. Batteries Included" url="tutorial/stdlib.html#batteries-included"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library &#8211; Part II" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html">
<tocsect3 name="11.1. Output Formatting" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#output-formatting"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.2. Templating" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#templating"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#working-with-binary-data-record-layouts"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.4. Multi-threading" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#multi-threading"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.5. Logging" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#logging"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.6. Weak References" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#weak-references"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.7. Tools for Working with Lists" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#tools-for-working-with-lists"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic" url="tutorial/stdlib2.html#decimal-floating-point-arithmetic"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="12. What Now?" url="tutorial/whatnow.html"/>
<tocsect2 name="13. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution" url="tutorial/interactive.html">
<tocsect3 name="13.1. Line Editing" url="tutorial/interactive.html#line-editing"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.2. History Substitution" url="tutorial/interactive.html#history-substitution"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.3. Key Bindings" url="tutorial/interactive.html#key-bindings"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.4. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter" url="tutorial/interactive.html#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations" url="tutorial/floatingpoint.html">
<tocsect3 name="14.1. Representation Error" url="tutorial/floatingpoint.html#representation-error"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="15. Appendix" url="tutorial/appendix.html">
<tocsect3 name="15.1. Interactive Mode" url="tutorial/appendix.html#interactive-mode"/>
</tocsect2>
</tocsect1>
<tocsect1 name="Language Reference" url="reference/index.html">
<tocsect2 name="1. Introduction" url="reference/introduction.html">
<tocsect3 name="1.1. Alternate Implementations" url="reference/introduction.html#alternate-implementations"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.2. Notation" url="reference/introduction.html#notation"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="2. Lexical analysis" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html">
<tocsect3 name="2.1. Line structure" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#line-structure"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.2. Other tokens" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#other-tokens"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.3. Identifiers and keywords" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.4. Literals" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#literals"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.5. Operators" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#operators"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.6. Delimiters" url="reference/lexical_analysis.html#delimiters"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="3. Data model" url="reference/datamodel.html">
<tocsect3 name="3.1. Objects, values and types" url="reference/datamodel.html#objects-values-and-types"/>
<tocsect3 name="3.2. The standard type hierarchy" url="reference/datamodel.html#the-standard-type-hierarchy"/>
<tocsect3 name="3.3. New-style and classic classes" url="reference/datamodel.html#new-style-and-classic-classes"/>
<tocsect3 name="3.4. Special method names" url="reference/datamodel.html#special-method-names"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="4. Execution model" url="reference/executionmodel.html">
<tocsect3 name="4.1. Naming and binding" url="reference/executionmodel.html#naming-and-binding"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.2. Exceptions" url="reference/executionmodel.html#exceptions"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="5. Expressions" url="reference/expressions.html">
<tocsect3 name="5.1. Arithmetic conversions" url="reference/expressions.html#arithmetic-conversions"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.2. Atoms" url="reference/expressions.html#atoms"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.3. Primaries" url="reference/expressions.html#primaries"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.4. The power operator" url="reference/expressions.html#the-power-operator"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.5. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations" url="reference/expressions.html#unary-arithmetic-and-bitwise-operations"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.6. Binary arithmetic operations" url="reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.7. Shifting operations" url="reference/expressions.html#shifting-operations"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.8. Binary bitwise operations" url="reference/expressions.html#binary-bitwise-operations"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.9. Comparisons" url="reference/expressions.html#not-in"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.10. Boolean operations" url="reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.11. Conditional expressions" url="reference/expressions.html#conditional-expressions"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.12. Lambdas" url="reference/expressions.html#lambda"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.13. Expression lists" url="reference/expressions.html#expression-lists"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.14. Evaluation order" url="reference/expressions.html#evaluation-order"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.15. Operator precedence" url="reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="6. Simple statements" url="reference/simple_stmts.html">
<tocsect3 name="6.1. Expression statements" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#expression-statements"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.2. Assignment statements" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.3. The assert statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-assert-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.4. The pass statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-pass-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.5. The del statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-del-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.6. The print statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-print-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.7. The return statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.8. The yield statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-yield-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.9. The raise statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-raise-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.10. The break statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-break-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.11. The continue statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-continue-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.12. The import statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-import-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.13. The global statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-global-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="6.14. The exec statement" url="reference/simple_stmts.html#the-exec-statement"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="7. Compound statements" url="reference/compound_stmts.html">
<tocsect3 name="7.1. The if statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-if-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.2. The while statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-while-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.3. The for statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-for-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.4. The try statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-try-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.5. The with statement" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#the-with-statement"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.6. Function definitions" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#function-definitions"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.7. Class definitions" url="reference/compound_stmts.html#class-definitions"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="8. Top-level components" url="reference/toplevel_components.html">
<tocsect3 name="8.1. Complete Python programs" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#complete-python-programs"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.2. File input" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#file-input"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.3. Interactive input" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#interactive-input"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.4. Expression input" url="reference/toplevel_components.html#expression-input"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="9. Full Grammar specification" url="reference/grammar.html"/>
</tocsect1>
<tocsect1 name="Extending and Embedding" url="extending/index.html">
<tocsect2 name="1. Extending Python with C or C++" url="extending/extending.html">
<tocsect3 name="1.1. A Simple Example" url="extending/extending.html#a-simple-example"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.2. Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions" url="extending/extending.html#intermezzo-errors-and-exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.3. Back to the Example" url="extending/extending.html#back-to-the-example"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.4. The Module&#8217;s Method Table and Initialization Function" url="extending/extending.html#the-module-s-method-table-and-initialization-function"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.5. Compilation and Linkage" url="extending/extending.html#compilation-and-linkage"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.6. Calling Python Functions from C" url="extending/extending.html#calling-python-functions-from-c"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.7. Extracting Parameters in Extension Functions" url="extending/extending.html#extracting-parameters-in-extension-functions"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.8. Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions" url="extending/extending.html#keyword-parameters-for-extension-functions"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.9. Building Arbitrary Values" url="extending/extending.html#building-arbitrary-values"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.10. Reference Counts" url="extending/extending.html#reference-counts"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.11. Writing Extensions in C++" url="extending/extending.html#writing-extensions-in-c"/>
<tocsect3 name="1.12. Providing a C API for an Extension Module" url="extending/extending.html#providing-a-c-api-for-an-extension-module"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="2. Defining New Types" url="extending/newtypes.html">
<tocsect3 name="2.1. The Basics" url="extending/newtypes.html#the-basics"/>
<tocsect3 name="2.2. Type Methods" url="extending/newtypes.html#type-methods"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="3. Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils" url="extending/building.html">
<tocsect3 name="3.1. Distributing your extension modules" url="extending/building.html#distributing-your-extension-modules"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="4. Building C and C++ Extensions on Windows" url="extending/windows.html">
<tocsect3 name="4.1. A Cookbook Approach" url="extending/windows.html#a-cookbook-approach"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.2. Differences Between Unix and Windows" url="extending/windows.html#differences-between-unix-and-windows"/>
<tocsect3 name="4.3. Using DLLs in Practice" url="extending/windows.html#using-dlls-in-practice"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="5. Embedding Python in Another Application" url="extending/embedding.html">
<tocsect3 name="5.1. Very High Level Embedding" url="extending/embedding.html#very-high-level-embedding"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.2. Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview" url="extending/embedding.html#beyond-very-high-level-embedding-an-overview"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.3. Pure Embedding" url="extending/embedding.html#pure-embedding"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.4. Extending Embedded Python" url="extending/embedding.html#extending-embedded-python"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.5. Embedding Python in C++" url="extending/embedding.html#embedding-python-in-c"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.6. Compiling and Linking under Unix-like systems" url="extending/embedding.html#compiling-and-linking-under-unix-like-systems"/>
</tocsect2>
</tocsect1>
<tocsect1 name="Python/C API Reference" url="c-api/index.html">
<tocsect2 name="Introduction" url="c-api/intro.html">
<tocsect3 name="Include Files" url="c-api/intro.html#include-files"/>
<tocsect3 name="Objects, Types and Reference Counts" url="c-api/intro.html#objects-types-and-reference-counts"/>
<tocsect3 name="Exceptions" url="c-api/intro.html#exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="Embedding Python" url="c-api/intro.html#embedding-python"/>
<tocsect3 name="Debugging Builds" url="c-api/intro.html#debugging-builds"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="The Very High Level Layer" url="c-api/veryhigh.html"/>
<tocsect2 name="Reference Counting" url="c-api/refcounting.html"/>
<tocsect2 name="Exception Handling" url="c-api/exceptions.html">
<tocsect3 name="Unicode Exception Objects" url="c-api/exceptions.html#unicode-exception-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="Recursion Control" url="c-api/exceptions.html#recursion-control"/>
<tocsect3 name="Standard Exceptions" url="c-api/exceptions.html#standard-exceptions"/>
<tocsect3 name="String Exceptions" url="c-api/exceptions.html#string-exceptions"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="Utilities" url="c-api/utilities.html">
<tocsect3 name="Operating System Utilities" url="c-api/sys.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="System Functions" url="c-api/sys.html#system-functions"/>
<tocsect3 name="Process Control" url="c-api/sys.html#process-control"/>
<tocsect3 name="Importing Modules" url="c-api/import.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Data marshalling support" url="c-api/marshal.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Parsing arguments and building values" url="c-api/arg.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="String conversion and formatting" url="c-api/conversion.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Reflection" url="c-api/reflection.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Codec registry and support functions" url="c-api/codec.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="Abstract Objects Layer" url="c-api/abstract.html">
<tocsect3 name="Object Protocol" url="c-api/object.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Number Protocol" url="c-api/number.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Sequence Protocol" url="c-api/sequence.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Mapping Protocol" url="c-api/mapping.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Iterator Protocol" url="c-api/iter.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Buffer Protocol" url="c-api/buffer.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Old Buffer Protocol" url="c-api/objbuffer.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="Concrete Objects Layer" url="c-api/concrete.html">
<tocsect3 name="Fundamental Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#fundamental-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="Numeric Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#numeric-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="Sequence Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#sequence-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="Mapping Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#mapping-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="Other Objects" url="c-api/concrete.html#other-objects"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="Initialization, Finalization, and Threads" url="c-api/init.html">
<tocsect3 name="Initializing and finalizing the interpreter" url="c-api/init.html#initializing-and-finalizing-the-interpreter"/>
<tocsect3 name="Process-wide parameters" url="c-api/init.html#process-wide-parameters"/>
<tocsect3 name="Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock" url="c-api/init.html#thread-state-and-the-global-interpreter-lock"/>
<tocsect3 name="Sub-interpreter support" url="c-api/init.html#sub-interpreter-support"/>
<tocsect3 name="Asynchronous Notifications" url="c-api/init.html#asynchronous-notifications"/>
<tocsect3 name="Profiling and Tracing" url="c-api/init.html#profiling-and-tracing"/>
<tocsect3 name="Advanced Debugger Support" url="c-api/init.html#advanced-debugger-support"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="Memory Management" url="c-api/memory.html">
<tocsect3 name="Overview" url="c-api/memory.html#overview"/>
<tocsect3 name="Memory Interface" url="c-api/memory.html#memory-interface"/>
<tocsect3 name="Examples" url="c-api/memory.html#examples"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="Object Implementation Support" url="c-api/objimpl.html">
<tocsect3 name="Allocating Objects on the Heap" url="c-api/allocation.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Common Object Structures" url="c-api/structures.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Type Objects" url="c-api/typeobj.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="Number Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#number-object-structures"/>
<tocsect3 name="Mapping Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#mapping-object-structures"/>
<tocsect3 name="Sequence Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#sequence-object-structures"/>
<tocsect3 name="Buffer Object Structures" url="c-api/typeobj.html#buffer-object-structures"/>
<tocsect3 name="Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection" url="c-api/gcsupport.html"/>
</tocsect2>
</tocsect1>
<tocsect1 name="Library" url="library/index.html">
<tocsect2 name="1. Introduction" url="library/intro.html"/>
<tocsect2 name="2. Built-in Functions" url="library/functions.html"/>
<tocsect2 name="3. Non-essential Built-in Functions" url="library/functions.html#non-essential-built-in-functions"/>
<tocsect2 name="4. Built-in Constants" url="library/constants.html">
<tocsect3 name="4.1. Constants added by the site module" url="library/constants.html#constants-added-by-the-site-module"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="5. Built-in Types" url="library/stdtypes.html">
<tocsect3 name="5.1. Truth Value Testing" url="library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.2. Boolean Operations &#8212; and, or, not" url="library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.3. Comparisons" url="library/stdtypes.html#comparisons"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.4. Numeric Types &#8212; int, float, long, complex" url="library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-long-complex"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.5. Iterator Types" url="library/stdtypes.html#iterator-types"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.6. Sequence Types &#8212; str, unicode, list, tuple, bytearray, buffer, xrange" url="library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-str-unicode-list-tuple-bytearray-buffer-xrange"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.7. Set Types &#8212; set, frozenset" url="library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.8. Mapping Types &#8212; dict" url="library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.9. File Objects" url="library/stdtypes.html#file-objects"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.10. memoryview type" url="library/stdtypes.html#memoryview-type"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.11. Context Manager Types" url="library/stdtypes.html#context-manager-types"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.12. Other Built-in Types" url="library/stdtypes.html#other-built-in-types"/>
<tocsect3 name="5.13. Special Attributes" url="library/stdtypes.html#special-attributes"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="6. Built-in Exceptions" url="library/exceptions.html">
<tocsect3 name="6.1. Exception hierarchy" url="library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="7. String Services" url="library/strings.html">
<tocsect3 name="7.1. string &#8212; Common string operations" url="library/string.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.2. re &#8212; Regular expression operations" url="library/re.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.3. struct &#8212; Interpret strings as packed binary data" url="library/struct.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.4. difflib &#8212; Helpers for computing deltas" url="library/difflib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.5. StringIO &#8212; Read and write strings as files" url="library/stringio.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.6. cStringIO &#8212; Faster version of StringIO" url="library/stringio.html#module-cStringIO"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.7. textwrap &#8212; Text wrapping and filling" url="library/textwrap.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.8. codecs &#8212; Codec registry and base classes" url="library/codecs.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.9. unicodedata &#8212; Unicode Database" url="library/unicodedata.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.10. stringprep &#8212; Internet String Preparation" url="library/stringprep.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="7.11. fpformat &#8212; Floating point conversions" url="library/fpformat.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="8. Data Types" url="library/datatypes.html">
<tocsect3 name="8.1. datetime &#8212; Basic date and time types" url="library/datetime.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.2. calendar &#8212; General calendar-related functions" url="library/calendar.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.3. collections &#8212; High-performance container datatypes" url="library/collections.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.4. heapq &#8212; Heap queue algorithm" url="library/heapq.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.5. bisect &#8212; Array bisection algorithm" url="library/bisect.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.6. array &#8212; Efficient arrays of numeric values" url="library/array.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.7. sets &#8212; Unordered collections of unique elements" url="library/sets.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.8. sched &#8212; Event scheduler" url="library/sched.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.9. mutex &#8212; Mutual exclusion support" url="library/mutex.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.10. Queue &#8212; A synchronized queue class" url="library/queue.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.11. weakref &#8212; Weak references" url="library/weakref.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.12. UserDict &#8212; Class wrapper for dictionary objects" url="library/userdict.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.13. UserList &#8212; Class wrapper for list objects" url="library/userdict.html#module-UserList"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.14. UserString &#8212; Class wrapper for string objects" url="library/userdict.html#module-UserString"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.15. types &#8212; Names for built-in types" url="library/types.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.16. new &#8212; Creation of runtime internal objects" url="library/new.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.17. copy &#8212; Shallow and deep copy operations" url="library/copy.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.18. pprint &#8212; Data pretty printer" url="library/pprint.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="8.19. repr &#8212; Alternate repr() implementation" url="library/repr.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="9. Numeric and Mathematical Modules" url="library/numeric.html">
<tocsect3 name="9.1. numbers &#8212; Numeric abstract base classes" url="library/numbers.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.2. math &#8212; Mathematical functions" url="library/math.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.3. cmath &#8212; Mathematical functions for complex numbers" url="library/cmath.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.4. decimal &#8212; Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic" url="library/decimal.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.5. fractions &#8212; Rational numbers" url="library/fractions.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.6. random &#8212; Generate pseudo-random numbers" url="library/random.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.7. itertools &#8212; Functions creating iterators for efficient looping" url="library/itertools.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.8. functools &#8212; Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects" url="library/functools.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="9.9. operator &#8212; Standard operators as functions" url="library/operator.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="10. File and Directory Access" url="library/filesys.html">
<tocsect3 name="10.1. os.path &#8212; Common pathname manipulations" url="library/os.path.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.2. fileinput &#8212; Iterate over lines from multiple input streams" url="library/fileinput.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.3. stat &#8212; Interpreting stat() results" url="library/stat.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.4. statvfs &#8212; Constants used with os.statvfs()" url="library/statvfs.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.5. filecmp &#8212; File and Directory Comparisons" url="library/filecmp.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.6. tempfile &#8212; Generate temporary files and directories" url="library/tempfile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.7. glob &#8212; Unix style pathname pattern expansion" url="library/glob.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.8. fnmatch &#8212; Unix filename pattern matching" url="library/fnmatch.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.9. linecache &#8212; Random access to text lines" url="library/linecache.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.10. shutil &#8212; High-level file operations" url="library/shutil.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.11. dircache &#8212; Cached directory listings" url="library/dircache.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="10.12. macpath &#8212; Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions" url="library/macpath.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="11. Data Persistence" url="library/persistence.html">
<tocsect3 name="11.1. pickle &#8212; Python object serialization" url="library/pickle.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.2. cPickle &#8212; A faster pickle" url="library/pickle.html#module-cPickle"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.3. copy_reg &#8212; Register pickle support functions" url="library/copy_reg.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.4. shelve &#8212; Python object persistence" url="library/shelve.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.5. marshal &#8212; Internal Python object serialization" url="library/marshal.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.6. anydbm &#8212; Generic access to DBM-style databases" url="library/anydbm.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.7. whichdb &#8212; Guess which DBM module created a database" url="library/whichdb.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.8. dbm &#8212; Simple &#8220;database&#8221; interface" url="library/dbm.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.9. gdbm &#8212; GNU&#8217;s reinterpretation of dbm" url="library/gdbm.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.10. dbhash &#8212; DBM-style interface to the BSD database library" url="library/dbhash.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.11. bsddb &#8212; Interface to Berkeley DB library" url="library/bsddb.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.12. dumbdbm &#8212; Portable DBM implementation" url="library/dumbdbm.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="11.13. sqlite3 &#8212; DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases" url="library/sqlite3.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="12. Data Compression and Archiving" url="library/archiving.html">
<tocsect3 name="12.1. zlib &#8212; Compression compatible with " url="library/zlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="12.2. gzip &#8212; Support for " url="library/gzip.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="12.3. bz2 &#8212; Compression compatible with " url="library/bz2.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="12.4. zipfile &#8212; Work with ZIP archives" url="library/zipfile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="12.5. tarfile &#8212; Read and write tar archive files" url="library/tarfile.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="13. File Formats" url="library/fileformats.html">
<tocsect3 name="13.1. csv &#8212; CSV File Reading and Writing" url="library/csv.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.2. ConfigParser &#8212; Configuration file parser" url="library/configparser.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.3. robotparser &#8212; Parser for robots.txt" url="library/robotparser.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.4. netrc &#8212; netrc file processing" url="library/netrc.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.5. xdrlib &#8212; Encode and decode XDR data" url="library/xdrlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="13.6. plistlib &#8212; Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files" url="library/plistlib.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="14. Cryptographic Services" url="library/crypto.html">
<tocsect3 name="14.1. hashlib &#8212; Secure hashes and message digests" url="library/hashlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="14.2. hmac &#8212; Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication" url="library/hmac.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="14.3. md5 &#8212; MD5 message digest algorithm" url="library/md5.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="14.4. sha &#8212; SHA-1 message digest algorithm" url="library/sha.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="15. Generic Operating System Services" url="library/allos.html">
<tocsect3 name="15.1. os &#8212; Miscellaneous operating system interfaces" url="library/os.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.2. io &#8212; Core tools for working with streams" url="library/io.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.3. time &#8212; Time access and conversions" url="library/time.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.4. argparse &#8212; Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands" url="library/argparse.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.5. optparse &#8212; Parser for command line options" url="library/optparse.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.6. getopt &#8212; C-style parser for command line options" url="library/getopt.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.7. logging &#8212; Logging facility for Python" url="library/logging.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.8. logging.config &#8212; Logging configuration" url="library/logging.config.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.9. logging.handlers &#8212; Logging handlers" url="library/logging.handlers.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.10. getpass &#8212; Portable password input" url="library/getpass.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.11. curses &#8212; Terminal handling for character-cell displays" url="library/curses.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.12. curses.textpad &#8212; Text input widget for curses programs" url="library/curses.html#module-curses.textpad"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.13. curses.ascii &#8212; Utilities for ASCII characters" url="library/curses.ascii.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.14. curses.panel &#8212; A panel stack extension for curses" url="library/curses.panel.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.15. platform &#8212; Access to underlying platform&#8217;s identifying data" url="library/platform.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.16. errno &#8212; Standard errno system symbols" url="library/errno.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="15.17. ctypes &#8212; A foreign function library for Python" url="library/ctypes.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="16. Optional Operating System Services" url="library/someos.html">
<tocsect3 name="16.1. select &#8212; Waiting for I/O completion" url="library/select.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.2. threading &#8212; Higher-level threading interface" url="library/threading.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.3. thread &#8212; Multiple threads of control" url="library/thread.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.4. dummy_threading &#8212; Drop-in replacement for the threading module" url="library/dummy_threading.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.5. dummy_thread &#8212; Drop-in replacement for the thread module" url="library/dummy_thread.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.6. multiprocessing &#8212; Process-based &#8220;threading&#8221; interface" url="library/multiprocessing.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.7. mmap &#8212; Memory-mapped file support" url="library/mmap.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.8. readline &#8212; GNU readline interface" url="library/readline.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="16.9. rlcompleter &#8212; Completion function for GNU readline" url="library/rlcompleter.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="17. Interprocess Communication and Networking" url="library/ipc.html">
<tocsect3 name="17.1. subprocess &#8212; Subprocess management" url="library/subprocess.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="17.2. socket &#8212; Low-level networking interface" url="library/socket.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="17.3. ssl &#8212; TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects" url="library/ssl.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="17.4. signal &#8212; Set handlers for asynchronous events" url="library/signal.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="17.5. popen2 &#8212; Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams" url="library/popen2.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="17.6. asyncore &#8212; Asynchronous socket handler" url="library/asyncore.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="17.7. asynchat &#8212; Asynchronous socket command/response handler" url="library/asynchat.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="18. Internet Data Handling" url="library/netdata.html">
<tocsect3 name="18.1. email &#8212; An email and MIME handling package" url="library/email.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.2. json &#8212; JSON encoder and decoder" url="library/json.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.3. mailcap &#8212; Mailcap file handling" url="library/mailcap.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.4. mailbox &#8212; Manipulate mailboxes in various formats" url="library/mailbox.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.5. mhlib &#8212; Access to MH mailboxes" url="library/mhlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.6. mimetools &#8212; Tools for parsing MIME messages" url="library/mimetools.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.7. mimetypes &#8212; Map filenames to MIME types" url="library/mimetypes.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.8. MimeWriter &#8212; Generic MIME file writer" url="library/mimewriter.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.9. mimify &#8212; MIME processing of mail messages" url="library/mimify.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.10. multifile &#8212; Support for files containing distinct parts" url="library/multifile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.11. rfc822 &#8212; Parse RFC 2822 mail headers" url="library/rfc822.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.12. base64 &#8212; RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings" url="library/base64.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.13. binhex &#8212; Encode and decode binhex4 files" url="library/binhex.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.14. binascii &#8212; Convert between binary and ASCII" url="library/binascii.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.15. quopri &#8212; Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data" url="library/quopri.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="18.16. uu &#8212; Encode and decode uuencode files" url="library/uu.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="19. Structured Markup Processing Tools" url="library/markup.html">
<tocsect3 name="19.1. HTMLParser &#8212; Simple HTML and XHTML parser" url="library/htmlparser.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.2. sgmllib &#8212; Simple SGML parser" url="library/sgmllib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.3. htmllib &#8212; A parser for HTML documents" url="library/htmllib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.4. htmlentitydefs &#8212; Definitions of HTML general entities" url="library/htmllib.html#module-htmlentitydefs"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.5. XML Processing Modules" url="library/xml.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.6. XML vulnerabilities" url="library/xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.7. xml.etree.ElementTree &#8212; The ElementTree XML API" url="library/xml.etree.elementtree.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.8. xml.dom &#8212; The Document Object Model API" url="library/xml.dom.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.9. xml.dom.minidom &#8212; Minimal DOM implementation" url="library/xml.dom.minidom.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.10. xml.dom.pulldom &#8212; Support for building partial DOM trees" url="library/xml.dom.pulldom.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.11. xml.sax &#8212; Support for SAX2 parsers" url="library/xml.sax.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.12. xml.sax.handler &#8212; Base classes for SAX handlers" url="library/xml.sax.handler.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.13. xml.sax.saxutils &#8212; SAX Utilities" url="library/xml.sax.utils.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.14. xml.sax.xmlreader &#8212; Interface for XML parsers" url="library/xml.sax.reader.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="19.15. xml.parsers.expat &#8212; Fast XML parsing using Expat" url="library/pyexpat.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="20. Internet Protocols and Support" url="library/internet.html">
<tocsect3 name="20.1. webbrowser &#8212; Convenient Web-browser controller" url="library/webbrowser.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.2. cgi &#8212; Common Gateway Interface support" url="library/cgi.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.3. cgitb &#8212; Traceback manager for CGI scripts" url="library/cgitb.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.4. wsgiref &#8212; WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation" url="library/wsgiref.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.5. urllib &#8212; Open arbitrary resources by URL" url="library/urllib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.6. urllib2 &#8212; extensible library for opening URLs" url="library/urllib2.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.7. httplib &#8212; HTTP protocol client" url="library/httplib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.8. ftplib &#8212; FTP protocol client" url="library/ftplib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.9. poplib &#8212; POP3 protocol client" url="library/poplib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.10. imaplib &#8212; IMAP4 protocol client" url="library/imaplib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.11. nntplib &#8212; NNTP protocol client" url="library/nntplib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.12. smtplib &#8212; SMTP protocol client" url="library/smtplib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.13. smtpd &#8212; SMTP Server" url="library/smtpd.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.14. telnetlib &#8212; Telnet client" url="library/telnetlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.15. uuid &#8212; UUID objects according to RFC 4122" url="library/uuid.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.16. urlparse &#8212; Parse URLs into components" url="library/urlparse.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.17. SocketServer &#8212; A framework for network servers" url="library/socketserver.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.18. BaseHTTPServer &#8212; Basic HTTP server" url="library/basehttpserver.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.19. SimpleHTTPServer &#8212; Simple HTTP request handler" url="library/simplehttpserver.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.20. CGIHTTPServer &#8212; CGI-capable HTTP request handler" url="library/cgihttpserver.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.21. cookielib &#8212; Cookie handling for HTTP clients" url="library/cookielib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.22. Cookie &#8212; HTTP state management" url="library/cookie.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.23. xmlrpclib &#8212; XML-RPC client access" url="library/xmlrpclib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.24. SimpleXMLRPCServer &#8212; Basic XML-RPC server" url="library/simplexmlrpcserver.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="20.25. DocXMLRPCServer &#8212; Self-documenting XML-RPC server" url="library/docxmlrpcserver.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="21. Multimedia Services" url="library/mm.html">
<tocsect3 name="21.1. audioop &#8212; Manipulate raw audio data" url="library/audioop.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.2. imageop &#8212; Manipulate raw image data" url="library/imageop.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.3. aifc &#8212; Read and write AIFF and AIFC files" url="library/aifc.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.4. sunau &#8212; Read and write Sun AU files" url="library/sunau.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.5. wave &#8212; Read and write WAV files" url="library/wave.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.6. chunk &#8212; Read IFF chunked data" url="library/chunk.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.7. colorsys &#8212; Conversions between color systems" url="library/colorsys.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.8. imghdr &#8212; Determine the type of an image" url="library/imghdr.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.9. sndhdr &#8212; Determine type of sound file" url="library/sndhdr.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="21.10. ossaudiodev &#8212; Access to OSS-compatible audio devices" url="library/ossaudiodev.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="22. Internationalization" url="library/i18n.html">
<tocsect3 name="22.1. gettext &#8212; Multilingual internationalization services" url="library/gettext.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="22.2. locale &#8212; Internationalization services" url="library/locale.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="23. Program Frameworks" url="library/frameworks.html">
<tocsect3 name="23.1. cmd &#8212; Support for line-oriented command interpreters" url="library/cmd.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="23.2. shlex &#8212; Simple lexical analysis" url="library/shlex.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="24. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk" url="library/tk.html">
<tocsect3 name="24.1. Tkinter &#8212; Python interface to Tcl/Tk" url="library/tkinter.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="24.2. ttk &#8212; Tk themed widgets" url="library/ttk.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="24.3. Tix &#8212; Extension widgets for Tk" url="library/tix.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="24.4. ScrolledText &#8212; Scrolled Text Widget" url="library/scrolledtext.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="24.5. turtle &#8212; Turtle graphics for Tk" url="library/turtle.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="24.6. IDLE" url="library/idle.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="24.7. Other Graphical User Interface Packages" url="library/othergui.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="25. Development Tools" url="library/development.html">
<tocsect3 name="25.1. pydoc &#8212; Documentation generator and online help system" url="library/pydoc.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="25.2. doctest &#8212; Test interactive Python examples" url="library/doctest.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="25.3. unittest &#8212; Unit testing framework" url="library/unittest.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="25.4. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" url="library/2to3.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="25.5. test &#8212; Regression tests package for Python" url="library/test.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="25.6. test.test_support &#8212; Utility functions for tests" url="library/test.html#module-test.test_support"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="26. Debugging and Profiling" url="library/debug.html">
<tocsect3 name="26.1. bdb &#8212; Debugger framework" url="library/bdb.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="26.2. pdb &#8212; The Python Debugger" url="library/pdb.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="26.3. Debugger Commands" url="library/pdb.html#debugger-commands"/>
<tocsect3 name="26.4. The Python Profilers" url="library/profile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="26.5. hotshot &#8212; High performance logging profiler" url="library/hotshot.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="26.6. timeit &#8212; Measure execution time of small code snippets" url="library/timeit.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="26.7. trace &#8212; Trace or track Python statement execution" url="library/trace.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="27. Python Runtime Services" url="library/python.html">
<tocsect3 name="27.1. sys &#8212; System-specific parameters and functions" url="library/sys.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.2. sysconfig &#8212; Provide access to Python&#8217;s configuration information" url="library/sysconfig.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.3. __builtin__ &#8212; Built-in objects" url="library/__builtin__.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.4. future_builtins &#8212; Python 3 builtins" url="library/future_builtins.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.5. __main__ &#8212; Top-level script environment" url="library/__main__.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.6. warnings &#8212; Warning control" url="library/warnings.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.7. contextlib &#8212; Utilities for with-statement contexts" url="library/contextlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.8. abc &#8212; Abstract Base Classes" url="library/abc.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.9. atexit &#8212; Exit handlers" url="library/atexit.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.10. traceback &#8212; Print or retrieve a stack traceback" url="library/traceback.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.11. __future__ &#8212; Future statement definitions" url="library/__future__.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.12. gc &#8212; Garbage Collector interface" url="library/gc.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.13. inspect &#8212; Inspect live objects" url="library/inspect.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.14. site &#8212; Site-specific configuration hook" url="library/site.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.15. user &#8212; User-specific configuration hook" url="library/user.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.16. fpectl &#8212; Floating point exception control" url="library/fpectl.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="27.17. distutils &#8212; Building and installing Python modules" url="library/distutils.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="28. Custom Python Interpreters" url="library/custominterp.html">
<tocsect3 name="28.1. code &#8212; Interpreter base classes" url="library/code.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="28.2. codeop &#8212; Compile Python code" url="library/codeop.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="29. Restricted Execution" url="library/restricted.html">
<tocsect3 name="29.1. rexec &#8212; Restricted execution framework" url="library/rexec.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="29.2. Bastion &#8212; Restricting access to objects" url="library/bastion.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="30. Importing Modules" url="library/modules.html">
<tocsect3 name="30.1. imp &#8212; Access the import internals" url="library/imp.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="30.2. importlib &#8211; Convenience wrappers for __import__()" url="library/importlib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="30.3. imputil &#8212; Import utilities" url="library/imputil.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="30.4. zipimport &#8212; Import modules from Zip archives" url="library/zipimport.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="30.5. pkgutil &#8212; Package extension utility" url="library/pkgutil.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="30.6. modulefinder &#8212; Find modules used by a script" url="library/modulefinder.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="30.7. runpy &#8212; Locating and executing Python modules" url="library/runpy.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="31. Python Language Services" url="library/language.html">
<tocsect3 name="31.1. parser &#8212; Access Python parse trees" url="library/parser.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.2. ast &#8212; Abstract Syntax Trees" url="library/ast.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.3. symtable &#8212; Access to the compiler&#8217;s symbol tables" url="library/symtable.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.4. symbol &#8212; Constants used with Python parse trees" url="library/symbol.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.5. token &#8212; Constants used with Python parse trees" url="library/token.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.6. keyword &#8212; Testing for Python keywords" url="library/keyword.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.7. tokenize &#8212; Tokenizer for Python source" url="library/tokenize.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.8. tabnanny &#8212; Detection of ambiguous indentation" url="library/tabnanny.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.9. pyclbr &#8212; Python class browser support" url="library/pyclbr.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.10. py_compile &#8212; Compile Python source files" url="library/py_compile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.11. compileall &#8212; Byte-compile Python libraries" url="library/compileall.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.12. dis &#8212; Disassembler for Python bytecode" url="library/dis.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="31.13. pickletools &#8212; Tools for pickle developers" url="library/pickletools.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="32. Python compiler package" url="library/compiler.html">
<tocsect3 name="32.1. The basic interface" url="library/compiler.html#module-compiler"/>
<tocsect3 name="32.2. Limitations" url="library/compiler.html#limitations"/>
<tocsect3 name="32.3. Python Abstract Syntax" url="library/compiler.html#python-abstract-syntax"/>
<tocsect3 name="32.4. Using Visitors to Walk ASTs" url="library/compiler.html#module-compiler.visitor"/>
<tocsect3 name="32.5. Bytecode Generation" url="library/compiler.html#bytecode-generation"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="33. Miscellaneous Services" url="library/misc.html">
<tocsect3 name="33.1. formatter &#8212; Generic output formatting" url="library/formatter.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="34. MS Windows Specific Services" url="library/windows.html">
<tocsect3 name="34.1. msilib &#8212; Read and write Microsoft Installer files" url="library/msilib.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="34.2. msvcrt &#8211; Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime" url="library/msvcrt.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="34.3. _winreg &#8211; Windows registry access" url="library/_winreg.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="34.4. winsound &#8212; Sound-playing interface for Windows" url="library/winsound.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="35. Unix Specific Services" url="library/unix.html">
<tocsect3 name="35.1. posix &#8212; The most common POSIX system calls" url="library/posix.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.2. pwd &#8212; The password database" url="library/pwd.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.3. spwd &#8212; The shadow password database" url="library/spwd.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.4. grp &#8212; The group database" url="library/grp.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.5. crypt &#8212; Function to check Unix passwords" url="library/crypt.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.6. dl &#8212; Call C functions in shared objects" url="library/dl.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.7. termios &#8212; POSIX style tty control" url="library/termios.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.8. tty &#8212; Terminal control functions" url="library/tty.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.9. pty &#8212; Pseudo-terminal utilities" url="library/pty.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.10. fcntl &#8212; The fcntl and ioctl system calls" url="library/fcntl.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.11. pipes &#8212; Interface to shell pipelines" url="library/pipes.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.12. posixfile &#8212; File-like objects with locking support" url="library/posixfile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.13. resource &#8212; Resource usage information" url="library/resource.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.14. nis &#8212; Interface to Sun&#8217;s NIS (Yellow Pages)" url="library/nis.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.15. syslog &#8212; Unix syslog library routines" url="library/syslog.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="35.16. commands &#8212; Utilities for running commands" url="library/commands.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="36. Mac OS X specific services" url="library/mac.html">
<tocsect3 name="36.1. ic &#8212; Access to the Mac OS X Internet Config" url="library/ic.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.2. MacOS &#8212; Access to Mac OS interpreter features" url="library/macos.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.3. macostools &#8212; Convenience routines for file manipulation" url="library/macostools.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.4. findertools &#8212; The finder‘s Apple Events interface" url="library/macostools.html#module-findertools"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.5. EasyDialogs &#8212; Basic Macintosh dialogs" url="library/easydialogs.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.6. FrameWork &#8212; Interactive application framework" url="library/framework.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.7. autoGIL &#8212; Global Interpreter Lock handling in event loops" url="library/autogil.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.8. Mac OS Toolbox Modules" url="library/carbon.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="36.9. ColorPicker &#8212; Color selection dialog" url="library/colorpicker.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="37. MacPython OSA Modules" url="library/macosa.html">
<tocsect3 name="37.1. gensuitemodule &#8212; Generate OSA stub packages" url="library/gensuitemodule.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="37.2. aetools &#8212; OSA client support" url="library/aetools.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="37.3. aepack &#8212; Conversion between Python variables and AppleEvent data containers" url="library/aepack.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="37.4. aetypes &#8212; AppleEvent objects" url="library/aetypes.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="37.5. MiniAEFrame &#8212; Open Scripting Architecture server support" url="library/miniaeframe.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="38. SGI IRIX Specific Services" url="library/sgi.html">
<tocsect3 name="38.1. al &#8212; Audio functions on the SGI" url="library/al.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.2. AL &#8212; Constants used with the al module" url="library/al.html#module-AL"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.3. cd &#8212; CD-ROM access on SGI systems" url="library/cd.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.4. fl &#8212; FORMS library for graphical user interfaces" url="library/fl.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.5. FL &#8212; Constants used with the fl module" url="library/fl.html#module-FL"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.6. flp &#8212; Functions for loading stored FORMS designs" url="library/fl.html#module-flp"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.7. fm &#8212; Font Manager interface" url="library/fm.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.8. gl &#8212; gl — Graphics Library interface" url="library/gl.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.9. DEVICE &#8212; Constants used with the gl module" url="library/gl.html#module-DEVICE"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.10. GL &#8212; Constants used with the gl module" url="library/gl.html#module-GL"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.11. imgfile &#8212; Support for SGI imglib files" url="library/imgfile.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="38.12. jpeg &#8212; Read and write JPEG files" url="library/jpeg.html"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="39. SunOS Specific Services" url="library/sun.html">
<tocsect3 name="39.1. sunaudiodev &#8212; Access to Sun audio hardware" url="library/sunaudio.html"/>
<tocsect3 name="39.2. SUNAUDIODEV &#8212; Constants used with sunaudiodev" url="library/sunaudio.html#module-SUNAUDIODEV"/>
</tocsect2>
<tocsect2 name="40. Undocumented Modules" url="library/undoc.html">
<tocsect3 name="40.1. Miscellaneous useful utilities" url="library/undoc.html#miscellaneous-useful-utilities"/>
<tocsect3 name="40.2. Platform specific modules" url="library/undoc.html#platform-specific-modules"/>
<tocsect3 name="40.3. Multimedia" url="library/undoc.html#multimedia"/>
<tocsect3 name="40.4. Undocumented Mac OS modules" url="library/undoc.html#undocumented-mac-os-modules"/>
<tocsect3 name="40.5. Obsolete" url="library/undoc.html#obsolete"/>
<tocsect3 name="40.6. SGI-specific Extension modules" url="library/undoc.html#sgi-specific-extension-modules"/>
</tocsect2>
</tocsect1>
</tdeveloptoc>
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