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TQValueList Class Reference

The TQValueList class is a value-based template class that provides lists. More...

All the functions in this class are reentrant when TQt is built with thread support.

#include <qvaluelist.h>

Inherited by TQCanvasItemList, TQStringList, and TQValueStack.

List of all member functions.

Public Members

Related Functions

Detailed Description

The TQValueList class is a value-based template class that provides lists.

TQValueList is a TQt implementation of an STL-like list container. It can be used in your application if the standard list is not available for your target platform(s). TQValueList is part of the TQt Template Library.

TQValueList<T> defines a template instance to create a list of values that all have the class T. Note that TQValueList does not store pointers to the members of the list; it holds a copy of every member. This is why these kinds of classes are called "value based"; TQPtrList and TQDict are "pointer based".

TQValueList contains and manages a collection of objects of type T and provides iterators that allow the contained objects to be addressed. TQValueList owns the contained items. For more relaxed ownership semantics, see TQPtrCollection and friends which are pointer-based containers.

Some classes cannot be used within a TQValueList, for example, all classes derived from TQObject and thus all classes that implement widgets. Only values can be used in a TQValueList. To qualify as a value the class must provide:

Note that C++ defaults to field-by-field assignment operators and copy constructors if no explicit version is supplied. In many cases this is sufficient.

In addition, some compilers (e.g. Sun CC) might retquire that the class provides an equality operator (operator==()).

TQValueList's function naming is consistent with the other TQt classes (e.g. count(), isEmpty()). TQValueList also provides extra functions for compatibility with STL algorithms, such as size() and empty(). Programmers already familiar with the STL list may prefer to use the STL-compatible functions.

Example: 

    class Employee
    {
    public:
        Employee(): sn(0) {}
        Employee( const TQString& forename, const TQString& surname, int salary )
            : fn(forename), sn(surname), sal(salary)
        {}

        TQString forename() const { return fn; }
        TQString surname() const { return sn; }
        int salary() const { return sal; }
        void setSalary( int salary ) { sal = salary; }

    private:
        TQString fn;
        TQString sn;
        int sal;
    };

    typedef TQValueList<Employee> EmployeeList;
    EmployeeList list;

    list.append( Employee("John", "Doe", 50000) );
    list.append( Employee("Jane", "Williams", 80000) );
    list.append( Employee("Tom", "Jones", 60000) );

    Employee mary( "Mary", "Hawthorne", 90000 );
    list.append( mary );
    mary.setSalary( 100000 );

    EmployeeList::iterator it;
    for ( it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); ++it )
        cout << (*it).surname().latin1() << ", " <<
                (*it).forename().latin1() << " earns " <<
                (*it).salary() << endl;

    // Output:
    // Doe, John earns 50000
    // Williams, Jane earns 80000
    // Hawthorne, Mary earns 90000
    // Jones, Tom earns 60000

Notice that the latest changes to Mary's salary did not affect the value in the list because the list created a copy of Mary's entry.

There are several ways to find items in the list. The begin() and end() functions return iterators to the beginning and end of the list. The advantage of getting an iterator is that you can move forward or backward from this position by incrementing/decrementing the iterator. The iterator returned by end() points to the item which is one past the last item in the container. The past-the-end iterator is still associated with the list it belongs to, however it is not dereferenceable; operator*() will not return a well-defined value. If the list is empty(), the iterator returned by begin() will equal the iterator returned by end().

Another way to find an item in the list is by using the qFind() algorithm. For example: 

    TQValueList<int> list;
    ...
    TQValueList<int>::iterator it = qFind( list.begin(), list.end(), 3 );
    if ( it != list.end() )
        // it points to the found item

It is safe to have multiple iterators a the list at the same time. If some member of the list is removed, only iterators pointing to the removed member become invalid. Inserting into the list does not invalidate any iterator. For convenience, the function last() returns a reference to the last item in the list, and first() returns a reference to the the first item. If the list is empty(), both last() and first() have undefined behavior (your application will crash or do unpredictable things). Use last() and first() with caution, for example: 

    TQValueList<int> list;
    list.append( 1 );
    list.append( 2 );
    list.append( 3 );
    ...
    if ( !list.empty() ) {
        // OK, modify the first item
        int& i = list.first();
        i = 18;
    }
    ...
    TQValueList<double> dlist;
    double d = dlist.last(); // undefined

Because TQValueList is value-based there is no need to be careful about deleting items in the list. The list holds its own copies and will free them if the corresponding member or the list itself is deleted. You can force the list to free all of its items with clear().

TQValueList is shared implicitly, which means it can be copied in constant time, i.e. O(1). If multiple TQValueList instances share the same data and one needs to modify its contents, this modifying instance makes a copy and modifies its private copy; therefore it does not affect the other instances; this takes O(n) time. This is often called "copy on write". If a TQValueList is being used in a multi-threaded program, you must protect all access to the list. See TQMutex.

There are several ways to insert items into the list. The prepend() and append() functions insert items at the beginning and the end of the list respectively. The insert() function comes in several flavors and can be used to add one or more items at specific positions within the list.

Items can also be removed from the list in several ways. There are several variants of the remove() function, which removes a specific item from the list. The remove() function will find and remove items according to a specific item value.

Lists can also be sorted using the TQt Template Library. For example with qHeapSort():

Example: 

    TQValueList<int> list;
    list.append( 5 );
    list.append( 8 );
    list.append( 3 );
    list.append( 4 );
    qHeapSort( list );

See also TQValueListIterator, TQt Template Library Classes, Implicitly and Explicitly Shared Classes, and Non-GUI Classes.

Member Type Documentation

TQValueList::ConstIterator

This iterator is an instantiation of TQValueListConstIterator for the same type as this TQValueList. In other words, if you instantiate TQValueList, ConstIterator is a TQValueListConstIterator. Several member function use it, such as TQValueList::begin(), which returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list.

Functionally, this is almost the same as Iterator. The only difference is you cannot use ConstIterator for non-const operations, and that the compiler can often generate better code if you use ConstIterator.

See also TQValueListIterator and Iterator.

TQValueList::Iterator

This iterator is an instantiation of TQValueListIterator for the same type as this TQValueList. In other words, if you instantiate TQValueList, Iterator is a TQValueListIterator. Several member function use it, such as TQValueList::begin(), which returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list.

Functionally, this is almost the same as ConstIterator. The only difference is that you cannot use ConstIterator for non-const operations, and that the compiler can often generate better code if you use ConstIterator.

See also TQValueListIterator and ConstIterator.

TQValueList::const_iterator

The list's const iterator type, TQValueListConstIterator.

TQValueList::const_pointer

The const pointer to T type.

TQValueList::const_reference

The const reference to T type.

TQValueList::iterator

The list's iterator type, TQValueListIterator.

TQValueList::pointer

The pointer to T type.

TQValueList::reference

The reference to T type.

TQValueList::size_type

An unsigned integral type, used to represent various sizes.

TQValueList::value_type

The type of the object stored in the list, T.

Member Function Documentation

TQValueList::TQValueList ()

Constructs an empty list.

TQValueList::TQValueList ( const TQValueList<T> & l )

Constructs a copy of l.

This operation takes O(1) time because TQValueList is implicitly shared.

The first modification to a list will take O(n) time.

TQValueList::TQValueList ( const std::list<T> & l )

Contructs a copy of l.

This constructor is provided for compatibility with STL containers.

TQValueList::~TQValueList ()

Destroys the list. References to the values in the list and all iterators of this list become invalidated. Note that it is impossible for an iterator to check whether or not it is valid: TQValueList is highly tuned for performance, not for error checking.

iterator TQValueList::append ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the end of the list.

See also insert() and prepend().

Examples: checklists/checklists.cpp and fonts/simple-qfont-demo/viewer.cpp.

const_iterator TQValueList::at ( size_type i ) const

Returns an iterator pointing to the item at position i in the list, or an undefined value if the index is out of range.

Warning: This function uses a linear search and can be extremely slow for large lists. TQValueList is not optimized for random item access. If you need random access use a different container, such as TQValueVector.

iterator TQValueList::at ( size_type i )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing to the item at position i in the list, or an undefined value if the index is out of range.

reference TQValueList::back ()

Returns a reference to the last item. If the list contains no last item (i.e. empty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to last().

See also front().

const_reference TQValueList::back () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

const_iterator TQValueList::begin () const

Returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list. This iterator equals end() if the list is empty.

See also first(), end(), and constBegin().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, chart/canvasview.cpp, chart/element.cpp, checklists/checklists.cpp, sql/overview/insert/main.cpp, table/statistics/statistics.cpp, and themes/themes.cpp.

iterator TQValueList::begin ()

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list. This iterator equals end() if the list is empty.

See also first() and end().

void TQValueList::clear ()

Removes all items from the list.

See also remove().

const_iterator TQValueList::constBegin () const

Returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list. This iterator equals constEnd() if the list is empty.

See also begin().

const_iterator TQValueList::constEnd () const

Returns an iterator pointing past the last item in the list. This iterator equals constBegin() if the list is empty.

See also end().

size_type TQValueList::contains ( const T & x ) const

Returns the number of occurrences of the value x in the list.

size_type TQValueList::count () const

Returns the number of items in the list.

See also isEmpty().

Examples: chart/element.cpp, fileiconview/qfileiconview.cpp, and table/statistics/statistics.cpp.

bool TQValueList::empty () const

Returns TRUE if the list contains no items; otherwise returns FALSE.

See also size().

iterator TQValueList::end ()

Returns an iterator pointing past the last item in the list. This iterator equals begin() if the list is empty.

See also last(), begin(), and constEnd().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, chart/canvasview.cpp, chart/element.cpp, checklists/checklists.cpp, sql/overview/insert/main.cpp, table/statistics/statistics.cpp, and themes/themes.cpp.

const_iterator TQValueList::end () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing past the last item in the list. This iterator equals begin() if the list is empty.

See also last() and begin().

iterator TQValueList::erase ( iterator it )

Removes the item pointed to by it from the list. No iterators other than it or other iterators pointing at the same item as it are invalidated. Returns an iterator to the next item after it, or end() if there is no such item.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to remove().

iterator TQValueList::erase ( iterator first, iterator last )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Deletes all items from first to last (not including last). No iterators are invalidated, except those pointing to the removed items themselves. Returns last.

iterator TQValueList::find ( const T & x )

Returns an iterator pointing to the first occurrence of x in the list.

Returns end() is no item matched.

const_iterator TQValueList::find ( const T & x ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing to the first occurrence of x in the list.

Returns end() if no item matched.

iterator TQValueList::find ( iterator it, const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Finds the first occurrence of x in the list starting at the position given by it.

Returns end() if no item matched.

const_iterator TQValueList::find ( const_iterator it, const T & x ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Finds the first occurrence of x in the list starting at the position given by it.

Returns end() if no item matched.

int TQValueList::findIndex ( const T & x ) const

Returns the index of the first occurrence of the value x. Returns -1 if no item matched.

T & TQValueList::first ()

Returns a reference to the first item. If the list contains no first item (i.e. isEmpty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

See also last().

Example: network/mail/smtp.cpp.

const T & TQValueList::first () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

const_iterator TQValueList::fromLast () const

Returns an iterator to the last item in the list, or end() if there is no last item.

Use the end() function instead. For example: 

    TQValueList<int> l;
    ...
    TQValueList<int>::iterator it = l.end();
    --it;
    if ( it != end() )
        // ...

iterator TQValueList::fromLast ()

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator to the last item in the list, or end() if there is no last item.

Use the end() function instead. For example: 

    TQValueList<int> l;
    ...
    TQValueList<int>::iterator it = l.end();
    --it;
    if ( it != end() )
        // ...

reference TQValueList::front ()

Returns a reference to the first item. If the list contains no first item (i.e. empty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to first().

See also back().

const_reference TQValueList::front () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

iterator TQValueList::insert ( iterator it, const T & x )

Inserts the value x in front of the item pointed to by the iterator, it.

Returns an iterator pointing at the inserted item.

See also append() and prepend().

Example: themes/themes.cpp.

void TQValueList::insert ( iterator pos, size_type n, const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts n copies of x before position pos.

bool TQValueList::isEmpty () const

Returns TRUE if the list contains no items; otherwise returns FALSE.

See also count().

Examples: fonts/simple-qfont-demo/viewer.cpp and network/mail/smtp.cpp.

T & TQValueList::last ()

Returns a reference to the last item. If the list contains no last item (i.e. empty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

const T & TQValueList::last () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

bool TQValueList::operator!= ( const TQValueList<T> & l ) const

Compares both lists.

Returns TRUE if this list and l are unequal; otherwise returns FALSE.

TQValueList<T> TQValueList::operator+ ( const TQValueList<T> & l ) const

Creates a new list and fills it with the items of this list. Then the items of l are appended. Returns the new list.

TQValueList<T> & TQValueList::operator+= ( const TQValueList<T> & l )

Appends the items of l to this list. Returns a reference to this list.

TQValueList<T> & TQValueList::operator+= ( const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Appends the value x to the list. Returns a reference to the list.

TQValueList<T> & TQValueList::operator<< ( const T & x )

Adds the value x to the end of the list.

Returns a reference to the list.

TQValueList<T> & TQValueList::operator= ( const TQValueList<T> & l )

Assigns l to this list and returns a reference to this list.

All iterators of the current list become invalidated by this operation. The cost of such an assignment is O(1) since TQValueList is implicitly shared.

TQValueList<T> & TQValueList::operator= ( const std::list<T> & l )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Assigns the contents of l to the list.

All iterators of the current list become invalidated by this operation.

bool TQValueList::operator== ( const TQValueList<T> & l ) const

Compares both lists.

Returns TRUE if this list and l are equal; otherwise returns FALSE.

bool TQValueList::operator== ( const std::list<T> & l ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if this list and l are equal; otherwise returns FALSE.

This operator is provided for compatibility with STL containers.

const T & TQValueList::operator[] ( size_type i ) const

Returns a const reference to the item with index i in the list. It is up to you to check whether this item really exists. You can do that easily with the count() function. However this operator does not check whether i is in range and will deliver undefined results if it does not exist.

Warning: This function uses a linear search and can be extremely slow for large lists. TQValueList is not optimized for random item access. If you need random access use a different container, such as TQValueVector.

T & TQValueList::operator[] ( size_type i )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns a non-const reference to the item with index i.

void TQValueList::pop_back ()

Removes the last item. If there is no last item, this operation is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

void TQValueList::pop_front ()

Removes the first item. If there is no first item, this operation is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

iterator TQValueList::prepend ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the beginning of the list.

See also insert() and append().

void TQValueList::push_back ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the end of the list.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to append().

void TQValueList::push_front ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the beginning of the list.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to prepend().

Example: toplevel/options.ui.h.

iterator TQValueList::remove ( iterator it )

Removes the item pointed to by it from the list. No iterators other than it or other iterators pointing at the same item as it are invalidated. Returns an iterator to the next item after it, or end() if there is no such item.

See also clear().

uint TQValueList::remove ( const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Removes all items that have value x and returns the number of removed items.

size_type TQValueList::size () const

Returns the number of items in the list.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to count().

See also empty().

Related Functions

TQDataStream & operator<< ( TQDataStream & s, const TQValueList<T> & l )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Writes a list, l, to the stream s. The type T stored in the list must implement the streaming operator.

TQDataStream & operator>> ( TQDataStream & s, TQValueList<T> & l )

Reads a list, l, from the stream s. The type T stored in the list must implement the streaming operator.

This file is part of the TQt toolkit. Copyright © 1995-2007 Trolltech. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2007 TrolltechTrademarks
TQt 3.3.8