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The following table of the ANSI X3.64 encodings is the result of some work I
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did a few years ago for BYTE magazine. BYTE made this table available for
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download from several bulletin-board systems, so I see no reason why it cannot
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be posted here for whatever private use you care to make. Just don't expect
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to make a profit selling copies of it without paying royalties to McGraw-Hill.
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Oh, by the way, the equivalent ISO standard is DP-6429.
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.....RSS
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ANSI Standard (X3.64) Control Sequences for Video Terminals and Peripherals
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in alphabetic order by mnemonic
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(Inspired by the article "Toward Standardized Video Terminals: ANSI
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X3.64 Device Control" by Mark L. Siegel, April 1984 BYTE, page 365)
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(Ps and Pn are parameters expressed in ASCII.)
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(Numeric parameters are given in decimal radix.)
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(Abbreviations are explained in detail at end.)
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(Spaces used in this table for clarity are not
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used in the actual codes.)
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Default Type
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Sequence Sequence Parameter or
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Mnemonic Name Sequence Value Mode
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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APC Applicatn Program Command Esc Fe Delim
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CBT Cursor Backward Tab Esc [ Pn Z 1 eF
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CCH Cancel Previous Character Esc T
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CHA Cursor Horzntal Absolute Esc [ Pn G 1 eF
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CHT Cursor Horizontal Tab Esc [ Pn I 1 eF
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CNL Cursor Next Line Esc [ Pn E 1 eF
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CPL Cursor Preceding Line Esc [ Pn F 1 eF
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CPR Cursor Position Report Esc [ Pn ; Pn R 1, 1
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CSI Control Sequence Intro Esc [ Intro
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CTC Cursor Tab Control Esc [ Ps W 0 eF
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CUB Cursor Backward Esc [ Pn D 1 eF
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CUD Cursor Down Esc [ Pn B 1 eF
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CUF Cursor Forward Esc [ Pn C 1 eF
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CUP Cursor Position Esc [ Pn ; Pn H 1, 1 eF
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CUU Cursor Up Esc [ Pn A 1 eF
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CVT Cursor Vertical Tab Esc [ Pn Y eF
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DA Device Attributes Esc [ Pn c 0
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DAQ Define Area Qualification Esc [ Ps o 0
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DCH Delete Character Esc [ Pn P 1 eF
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DCS Device Control String Esc P Delim
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DL Delete Line Esc [ Pn M 1 eF
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DMI Disable Manual Input Esc \ Fs
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DSR Device Status Report Esc [ Ps n 0
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EA Erase in Area Esc [ Ps O 0 eF
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ECH Erase Character Esc [ Pn X 1 eF
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ED Erase in Display Esc [ Ps J 0 eF
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EF Erase in Field Esc [ Ps N 0 eF
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EL Erase in Line Esc [ Ps K 0 eF
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EMI Enable Manual Input Esc b Fs
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EPA End of Protected Area Esc W
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ESA End of Selected Area Esc G
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FNT Font Selection Esc [ Pn ; Pn Space D 0, 0 FE
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GSM Graphic Size Modify Esc [ Pn ; Pn Space B 100, 100 FE
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GSS Graphic Size Selection Esc [ Pn Space C none FE
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HPA Horz Position Absolute Esc [ Pn ` 1 FE
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HPR Horz Position Relative Esc [ Pn a 1 FE
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HTJ Horz Tab w/Justification Esc I FE
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HTS Horizontal Tab Set Esc H FE
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HVP Horz & Vertical Position Esc [ Pn ; Pn f 1, 1 FE
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ICH Insert Character Esc [ Pn @ 1 eF
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IL Insert Line Esc [ Pn L 1 eF
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IND Index Esc D FE
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INT Interrupt Esc a Fs
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JFY Justify Esc [ Ps ; ... ; Ps Space F 0 FE
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MC Media Copy Esc [ Ps i 0
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MW Message Waiting Esc U
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NEL Next Line Esc E FE
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NP Next Page Esc [ Pn U 1 eF
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OSC Operating System Command Esc ] Delim
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PLD Partial Line Down Esc K FE
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PLU Partial Line Up Esc L FE
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PM Privacy Message Esc ^ Delim
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PP Preceding Page Esc [ Pn V 1 eF
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PU1 Private Use 1 Esc Q
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PU2 Private Use 2 Esc R
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QUAD Typographic Quadding Esc [ Ps Space H 0 FE
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REP Repeat Char or Control Esc [ Pn b 1
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RI Reverse Index Esc M FE
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RIS Reset to Initial State Esc c Fs
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RM Reset Mode Esc [ Ps l none
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SD Scroll Down Esc [ Pn T 1 eF
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SEM Select Edit Extent Mode Esc [ Ps Q 0
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SGR Select Graphic Rendition Esc [ Ps m 0 FE
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SL Scroll Left Esc [ Pn Space @ 1 eF
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SM Select Mode Esc [ Ps h none
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SPA Start of Protected Area Esc V
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SPI Spacing Increment Esc [ Pn ; Pn Space G none FE
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SR Scroll Right Esc [ Pn Space A 1 eF
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SS2 Single Shift 2 (G2 set) Esc N Intro
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SS3 Single Shift 3 (G3 set) Esc O Intro
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SSA Start of Selected Area Esc F
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ST String Terminator Esc \ Delim
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STS Set Transmit State Esc S
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SU Scroll Up Esc [ Pn S 1 eF
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TBC Tab Clear Esc [ Ps g 0 FE
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TSS Thin Space Specification Esc [ Pn Space E none FE
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VPA Vert Position Absolute Esc [ Pn d 1 FE
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VPR Vert Position Relative Esc [ Pn e 1 FE
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VTS Vertical Tabulation Set Esc J FE
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Abbreviations:
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Intro an Introducer of some kind of defined sequence; the normal 7-bit
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X3.64 Control Sequence Introducer is the two characters "Escape ["
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Delim a Delimiter
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x/y identifies a character by position in the ASCII table (column/row)
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eF editor function (see explanation)
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FE format effector (see explanation)
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F is a Final character in
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an Escape sequence (F from 3/0 to 7/14 in the ASCII table)
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a control sequence (F from 4/0 to 7/14)
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Gs is a graphic character appearing in strings (Gs ranges from
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2/0 to 7/14) in the ASCII table
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Ce is a control represented as a single bit combination in the C1 set
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of controls in an 8-bit character set
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C0 the familiar set of 7-bit ASCII control characters
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C1 roughly, the set of control characters available only in 8-bit systems.
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This is too complicated to explain fully here, so read Jim Fleming's
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article in the February 1983 BYTE, especially pages 214 through 224.
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Fe is a Final character of a 2-character Escape sequence that has an
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equivalent representation in an 8-bit environment as a Ce-type
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(Fe ranges from 4/0 to 5/15)
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Fs is a Final character of a 2-character Escape sequence that is
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standardized internationally with identical representation in 7-bit
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and 8-bit environments and is independent of the currently
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designated C0 and C1 control sets (Fs ranges from 6/0 to 7/14)
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I is an Intermediate character from 2/0 to 2/15 (inclusive) in the
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ASCII table
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P is a parameter character from 3/0 to 3/15 (inclusive) in the ASCII
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table
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Pn is a numeric parameter in a control sequence, a string of zero or
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more characters ranging from 3/0 to 3/9 in the ASCII table
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Ps is a variable number of selective parameters in a control sequence
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with each selective parameter separated from the other by the code
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3/11 (which usually represents a semicolon); Ps ranges from
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3/0 to 3/9 and includes 3/11
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
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/
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Format Effectors versus Editor Functions
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A format effector specifies how the final output is to be created.
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An editor function allows you to modify the specification.
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For instance, a format effector that moves the "active position" (the
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cursor or equvalent) one space to the left would be useful when you want to
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create an overstrike, a compound character made of two standard characters
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overlaid. Control-H, the Backspace character, is actually supposed to be a
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format effector, so you can do this. But many systems use it in a
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nonstandard fashion, as an editor function, deleting the character to the
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left of the cursor and moving the cursor left. When Control-H is assumed to
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be an editor function, you cannot predict whether its use will create an
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overstrike unless you also know whether the output device is in an "insert
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mode" or an "overwrite mode". When Control-H is used as a format effector,
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its effect can always be predicted. The familiar characters carriage
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return, linefeed, formfeed, etc., are defined as format effectors.
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
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/
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ANSI X3.64 Mode-Changing Parameters for use with the
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Select Mode (SM) and Reset Mode (RM) functions
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Parameter Mode Mode Function
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Characters Mnemonic
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column/ graphic
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row repres.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3/0 0 an error condition
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3/1 1 GATM guarded-area transfer mode
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3/2 2 KAM keyboard action mode
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3/3 3 CRM control representation mode
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3/4 4 IRM insertion/replacement mode
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3/5 5 SRTM status-reporting transfer mode
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3/6 6 ERM erasure mode
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3/7 7 VEM vertical editing mode
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3/8 8 reserved for future standardization
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3/9 9 reserved for future standardization
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3/10 : reserved separator for parameters
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3/11 ; Standard separator for parameters
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3/12 < reserved for private (experimental) use
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3/13 = reserved for private (experimental) use
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3/14 > reserved for private (experimental) use
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3/15 ? reserved for private (experimental) use
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3/1 3/0 10 HEM horizontal editing mode
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3/1 3/1 11 PUM positioning unit mode
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3/1 3/2 12 SRM send/receive mode
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3/1 3/3 13 FEAM format effector action mode
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3/1 3/4 14 FETM format effector transfer mode
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3/1 3/5 15 MATM multiple area transfer mode
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3/1 3/6 16 TTM transfer termination mode
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3/1 3/7 17 SATM selected area transfer mode
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3/1 3/8 18 TSM tabulation stop mode
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3/1 3/9 19 EBM editing boundary mode
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3/1 3/10 1: reserved separator for parameters
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3/1 3/11 1; Standard separator for parameters
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3/1 3/12 1< error condition--unspecified recovery
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3/1 3/13 1= error condition--unspecified recovery
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3/1 3/14 1> error condition--unspecified recovery
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3/1 3/15 1? error condition--unspecified recovery
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3/2 3/0 20 LNM linefeed/newline mode (not in ISO 6429)
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3/2 3/1 21
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. .
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. . reserved for future standardization
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. .
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3/9 3/9 99
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3/12 3/0 <0
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. .
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. . reserved for private (experimental) use
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. .
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3/15 3/15 ??
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
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/
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NOTES ON THE DEC VT100 IMPLEMENTATION
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In the case of the popular DEC VT100 video-terminal implementation,
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the only mode that may be altered is the linefeed/newline (LNM) mode.
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Other modes are considered permanently set, reset, or not applicable
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as follows:
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Set: ERM
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Reset: CRM, EBM, FEAM, FETM, IRM, KAM, PUM, SRTM, TSM
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N/A: GATM, HEM, MATM, SATM, TTM, VEM
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Control sequences implemented in the VT100 are as follows:
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CPR, CUB, CUD, CUF, CUP, CUU, DA, DSR, ED, EL, HTS, HVP, IND,
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LNM, NEL, RI, RIS, RM, SGR, SM, TBC
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plus several private DEC commands.
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Erasing parts of the display (EL and ED) in the VT100 is performed thus:
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Erase from cursor to end of line Esc [ 0 K or Esc [ K
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Erase from beginning of line to cursor Esc [ 1 K
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Erase line containing cursor Esc [ 2 K
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Erase from cursor to end of screen Esc [ 0 J or Esc [ J
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Erase from beginning of screen to cursor Esc [ 1 J
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Erase entire screen Esc [ 2 J
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The VT100 responds to receiving the DA (Device Attributes) control
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Esc [ c (or Esc [ 0 c)
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by transmitting the sequence
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Esc [ ? l ; Ps c
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where Ps is a character that describes installed options.
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The VT100's cursor location can be read with the DSR (Device Status
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Report) control
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Esc [ 6 n
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The VT100 reports by transmitting the CPR sequence
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Esc [ Pl ; Pc R
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where Pl is the line number and Pc is the column number (in decimal).
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\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
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/
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The complete document describing the standard, "ANSI X3.64-1979:
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Additional Controls for Use with the American National Standard
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Code for Information Interchange," can be ordered for $13.50 (plus
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$4 postage) from
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Standards Sales Department
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American National Standards Institute
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1430 Broadway
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New York, NY 10018
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212/354-3300
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It's best to read the full standard before using it. It also helps
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to have copies of the related standards "X3.4-1977: American
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National Standard Code for Information Interchange" (the ASCII
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standard) and "X3.41.1974: Code-Extension Techniques for Use with
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the 7-Bit Coded Character Set of American National Standard for
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Information Interchange."
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See also the chapter "Using Extended Screens and Keyboard Control"
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in the IBM PC-DOS manuals, especially for the coding for character
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attributes.
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The specification for the DEC VT100 is document EK-VT100-UG-003.
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(Copyright 1984 BYTE Publications, subsidiary of McGraw-Hill Inc.)
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(Permission granted to reproduce for noncommercial uses.)
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(This file prepared by Richard S. Shuford.)
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